Can Employers Fire Workers For What's Said In A Private Online Group?
from the privacy-questions dept
The Wall Street Journal has an article exploring an interesting lawsuit in New Jersey, concerning privacy of employee comments in a private forum outside of work. In this case, some workers at a restaurant had set up a private MySpace group where they discussed work, including patrons of the restaurant and their supervisors. It's the typical sort of thing that people always joke about -- in the past, to each other in person, and these days online. The whole thing was private, and a way of joking around/letting off steam -- but, of course, one employee showed a supervisor, who initially laughed it off. However, the news spread up the chain of command, and the employee, who initially revealed the group, was forced to hand over her login to the group, which was used by the restaurant's managers, who then fired the creators of the group. The fired employees claim that the info was accessed illegally, violating wiretapping laws. That may be a difficult claim to substantiate, and could raise questions about what constitutes illegal access to such info (after all, the only reason supervisors found out in the first place was because one employee voluntarily shared the info). Still, it does seem like quite an overreaction to fire the workers because of this group.Thank you for reading this Techdirt post. With so many things competing for everyone’s attention these days, we really appreciate you giving us your time. We work hard every day to put quality content out there for our community.
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Forced to hand over login?
That may be, but based on what you wrote they FORCED the employee to hand over his/her login to a PRIVATE MySpace group. What is the difference between that and forcing her to hand over her Myspace general login info (and did they need that as well to access the group?).
And from there we can extrapolate. Since private messages can be sent over those private groups, and to general accounts as well, did the employer have access to or the right to look at the private messages/emails? What if the employee was part of the group but hadn't participated in any of the disputed content? Then its a "hand over your logins because we suspect" approach, in which case might they force him/her to hand over public email logins as well?
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Data breach
Here in Sweden using login information that you are not supposed to have is a clear criminal offence. Isn't it in the states?
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Re:
Why, I know these one assholes; wrote a goddamn subversive (aka terrorist) manifesto--WROTE THE WHOLE THING DOWN!!
I think it went something like this:
"When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected, whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefit of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & Perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these united Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States, that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. — And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor."
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depends on the state, depends on what is said
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Re:
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You can fire an "at will" employee for any reason that does not involve illegal discrimination or illegal retaliation.
You can fire a "for cause" employee for any reason as laid out in the employment agreement, as long as it does not involve illegal discriminatory or illegal retaliation.
You can fire a union employee for any reason as laid out in the collective bargaining agreement, as long as it does not involve illegal discriminatory or illegal retaliation.
So to answer your question: Yes.
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Re: Data breach
God that was funny. So, are you like a Swedish stand up comedian or something?!
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Re:
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Re: depends on the state, depends on what is said
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Re:
Well, that depends on the state in question, actually...
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Re: Re:
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Re: Data breach
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Re: Re:
See: At Will States
But overall, At-will employment represents most of the states. The "Covenant of Good Faith and Fair Dealing" is another issue.
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So if you see a work collegue's wallet lying around and you open it and find some password notes, you can then use that login information to access personal information via the internet without breaking the law?
If so, that seems quite odd.
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Re: Forced to hand over login?
If that is accurate, it's very chilling. How far is this from an employer demanding to see your written journal or home videos, because of what they suspect you might have said on them, and threatening to fire you if you refuse?
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Re:
If a business loses a customer it's usually, no big deal; most of them have many more than one. Losing a job, in contrast, is a much bigger deal, since most workers don't have a replacement job in the back pocket.
People are not property. Get it?
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Re:
However, it should be up to the employers to determine how best to handle their business. If a termination of employment is in the best interest of the business, then obviously nobody can complain that it was unfair. If the termination is unwarranted, then the employer is hurting himself and the employees can seek jobs elsewhere, perhaps under better managers.
Eventually, I would guess that employers will become inured to these sorts of things and cease being so anal about private internet discussions.
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In this particular instance, they probably acted rashly and will end up paying for it. More successful businesses will be more considerate and intelligent in dealing with their employees if so.
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Re: Re: Data breach
Again, I'm a A$$Hat...
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In Arkansas
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Re: Re: Re:
Nevertheless, there is usually an asymmetry of power in the employer-employee relationship in which employees are more often than not the ones in need of protection. Why protect them? Again, because employees are people, not socks to be changed at the slightest hint of stinking.
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Re: Re: Re:
Hah. You make me laugh. Today, people are measured in their abilities, and are valuated in terms of capital. Human Capital, to be most precise. There are software programs which attempt to manage human capital from all the major ERP/ERM providers.
They should have every right to peddle their services to whomever will compensate them best, just as employers should have every right to spend their capital in the manner they see fit.
True, however outside the office, there seems to be a more real vision of the person. Sometimes a researcher will take people's words at face value instead of first observing a person's tool chest which may include sarcasm, off-tone, or devil's advocate to better understand the true nature of the problem and what is really wrong.
I believe this is the same tool chest President Obama pulled from when he allegedly had meetings with the Weather Underground, William Ayers and others.
In each case, disparagement can gather much better understand the alternative point of view, with goals to better determine the alternative point of view's goals.
All this is to better meet business goal. Nonetheless, such actions still remains outside of business time and what one does outside of businesstime is their own.
So long as they don't disparage the hand that feeds them, bring the meat back, all is good, no?
Think of it like a public and less-controlled focus group, without the cameras and hidden microphones and you'll get the idea. RedWest A is still an amazing building.
In this particular instance, they probably acted rashly and will end up paying for it. More successful businesses will be more considerate and intelligent in dealing with their employees if so.
I would suggest contacting your congressman and ask them to implement a national "Covenant of Good Faith" on a national scale.
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Re: Re: depends on the state, depends on what is said
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Missing the Point
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"Private online group" is an oxymoron
Anyone could access that group who had the name of the university and did a superficial search on the site. This was not private at all. there is no such thing as "private" when you're online. It's about time people learned this.
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Re: Re: Re: Re:
Yes, businesses will refer to their "human capital" as an asset, so as to gauge their value. Doesn't mean that they don't have to consider things like loyalty, morale, incentives, etc. so as to get the most out of their employees. What point are you making?
In each case, disparagement can gather much better understand the alternative point of view, with goals to better determine the alternative point of view's goals.
I agree; we don't know what was said in this forum, nor the quality of employees that were fired, but it seems in general that considering criticism would be a much better strategy in the long run than silencing it. Doesn't mean that businesses should be forced to follow that strategy at all times, however.
I would suggest contacting your congressman and ask them to implement a national "Covenant of Good Faith" on a national scale.
I don't really agree with this. Why force the hand of business owners? It's their money they're handing out in wages. Things like loyalty and reputation are sufficient to convince most employers to treat their employees with respect anyway--limiting options merely decreases employers' incentive to hire people. As long as they don't infringe on their employees' passive rights, and they honor their contractual agreements, I feel that is all that is obligated of them; successful employers will go beyond.
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Re: Re:
Undoubtedly, this is at least partly true, but unfortunately little of the market is run optimally. Bad business decisions will be made and whereas the businesses might suffer a little due to the injustice of the decision (with the rare catastrophic collapse), it is the employees who usually have the most to lose. Hence, an asymmetry of power arises, which the optimization of self-interest will inevitably translate into a sustained low-level abuse/exploitation of the employees.
(Mind you, this asymmetry will arguably be present even in an optimally run free market, but human fallibility will only enhance it unless counteracting measures are adopted)
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Yes
Now the real issue here is if the empolyer broke the law by forcing one employee to give up the login information and then using that information. I can see that employee filing a suit against the employer based on harassemnt or something similar. Then it is perfectly reasonable to assume the employer could be found guilty of violating hacking laws for accessing a computer database with fradulently obtained login credentials.
The real issue here is not that these guys got fired, but that an employee was forced to give personal login information to their employer.
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And with that phrase the insidious, creeping control of the employees by their employers is justified.
The employer pays for the work and because the worker is the source of that work, the employer suddenly feels entitled to monitor and regulate the workers' personal life... because it won't stay outside of work...
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Re: Re: Re:
it is the employees who usually have the most to lose. Hence, an asymmetry of power arises, which the optimization of self-interest will inevitably translate into a sustained low-level abuse/exploitation of the employees.
1) Before any agreement takes place, the employer controls the money. Why should they be forced to part with this on the basis that somebody else would really, really like to have it?
2) I don't really see an asymmetry of power--if the employee would prefer to leave, they may leave. If they can't find a better job elsewhere, then perhaps they are being paid their correct worth. And what are they standing to lose? Without the employer, they have no job at all.
3) You seem to think that businesses don't have much to lose, but the failure rate of restaurants is astounding, and quite often is a significant loss on investment. And of course, all those employees that previously had jobs with that employer that we tried to tell what to do to the detriment of their success are now out of jobs.
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Re: Re: Data breach
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Re:
As long as the reasons and/or causes for possible termination thereof are delineated in the original employment contract. In other words, if the termination of employment is in accordance with the contract, then it's perfectly legal; otherwise it's not.
Employers do have the right to state in the contract that they retain the right to fire an employee for no apparent reason at all; it just has to be so stated in the contract.
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Re: "Private online group" is an oxymoron
Thank you so much for your commentary. I always wondered why I received a so-and-so is trying to contact you on WindowsLive when I never had a WindowsLive Account.
When I started at Mr.Softy, Microsoft that is, I was alarmed when I started receiving facebook updates to my corporate email account pointing me to a Facebook page I've never had, never wanted to have, and ultimately had to contact Facebook to delete the account.
I think this is a horrible, horrible trick, and because of Microsoft's inability to reactivate the previous account. I am certain was used in discussions behind closed doors, and this dictated what I shared with others to becoming merely an observer.
I have no problem sharing with the world various other observations as they themselves seem to not observe personal privacy. Perhaps you'll consider revisiting yours?
I bid you Good Day,
Ma'am.
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Re: Yes
Umm...that's the tag-line for the original post; so yeah it is.
And, as many of us have stated, the legality of the employment termination comes down to state law, and original employment contracts. So, unless someone replying here is a Bar-certified NJ lawyer (or otherwise competent NJ legal professional), everything said here is nothing but speculation.
But I see your point too. What, exactly, does "forced to give personal login information" mean in this instance?
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Honeymoon? I don't think so. Work this weekend or your fired.
The truth is that there are more jobs than there are people. And people have these little needs like food, shelter, etc. What does an employer care if someone quits. There's 10 more people ready to take the job. The only employees that are semi-safe are the ones with hard to replace skills/knowledge.
Combine basic human(business) greed with having almost all of the barganing power in the employer/employee relationship and it's the eployee's that will always suffer.
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OK, so what has changed...
Not to mention, you have to be an idiot to put that crap in writing next to a picture of yourself.
I live in an "employment at will" state and you can pretty much let anyone go for any reason as long as it does violate any discrimination laws.
Unless threatened with death, they should not have given up the login info, which would have clearly been a crime if it could be proven. But that employee could have just as easily printed out or PDF'd the pages so I dont know that it really matters.
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Re: "Private online group" is an oxymoron
No need to be hard-asses about things, sheesh.
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Re: OK, so what has changed...
I think it matters only in the sense that businesses need to understand that if they tell me they want to see what I've said inside a private group/space/entity/etc. that I've participated in outside of normal work hours, I can tell them to go fuck themselves (using more polite words, of course). I had an employer once tell me they wanted me to stop working my 2nd job. I said no, that's none of your business.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: (Worlds Best Troll)
Should Human Capital valuations be included in a company's overall valuation?
Doesn't mean that they don't have to consider things like loyalty, morale, incentives, etc. so as to get the most out of their employees. What point are you making?
Perhaps the carrot is in front of the wrong rabbit. Such a deviation from the norm is quite subtle on the surface, but doesn't take into consideration the fact that the rabbit you're trying to catch will continue to be 2 to 3 steps ahead of you. Management lacking this type of foresight often exhibit an ideology that "Good enough is what to aspire to". This usually occurs at a senior management level where they would be content with what is already at market without concern to the fact the silly rabbit your trying to catch is, when you reach the point of parity, will remain again, 3 or 4 steps ahead of you.
I agree; we don't know what was said in this forum, nor the quality of employees that were fired, but it seems in general that considering criticism would be a much better strategy in the long run than silencing it. Doesn't mean that businesses should be forced to follow that strategy at all times, however.
Sure. It's a learning process, and now your learning. I recently reccomended a friend to work at CP+B based on their abilities to forsee future events.
As an offshoot, did you know Jerry Seinfeld's Birthday is in a few days. Perhaps you should send him some flowers or something nice.
He recently said this about Birthdays, which seems to coinside with my own birthday, which probably has no bearing in this thread, but nonetheless I feel it's worth sharing:
“Well, birthdays are merely symbolic of how another year has gone by and how little we've grown. No matter how desperate we are that someday a better self will emerge, with each flicker of the candles on the cake, we know it's not to be, that for the rest of our sad, wretched pathetic lives, this is who we areto the bitter end. Inevitably, irrevocably; happy birthday? No such thing.”
Perhaps I agree with Jerry on some level or another, but being fired at the company I aspired to work for, three times, is quite the accomplishment, I think, especially considering the Jerry+Seinfeld ad was one of the best talked about ads to come out of Redmond. Perhaps I chose Jerry because he was funny, and I shared his sense of humor. Perhaps my own birthday is the same as Jerry's and like myself wasn't around people who could take the joke, and overall was the reason we collectively were fired. Maybe not on the same day, but hey, it was the same.
I don't really agree with this. Why force the hand of business owners?
Indeed.
It's their money they're handing out in wages. Things like loyalty and reputation are sufficient to convince most employers to treat their employees with respect anyway--limiting options merely decreases employers' incentive to hire people.
Sure, but what happens outside of the office is outside the office, right?
As long as they don't infringe on their employees' passive rights, and they honor their contractual agreements, I feel that is all that is obligated of them; successful employers will go beyond.
I still fully recommend contacting congressional leadership to enact a national "Covenant of Good Faith".
If you have a problem with that, then there are are issues within your own company to be themselves. In this day, People work all the time from home, from the office, remotely or whatever.
If you have a problem with them being a useful instrument in your company, then I have a problem with you honoring the idea that their office is an extension of their home.
Find a solution to that and get back to me.
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Re:
I believe you're referring to "at will employment" which is actually in place in many states. However, if a contract is signed, both employee and employer must stick to the contract.
If you signed a contract to buy gas from that station as long as it met certain conditions, then yes, suddenly switching gas stations is going to cause legal problems.
Also, you can't fire someone based on any sort of discrimination and while technically you can't refuse to hire based on discrimination, thats only proven in cases where there's just one qualified applicant (otherwise, its difficult to prove it wasn't just one seemed better fit to the job).
The reasons these safeguards are in place are to ensure that a majority of the population can actually make a living instead of just employers committing massive abuses to society as a whole (which you've already failed to understand, so i'll make it clear; its a bad thing). Hence minimum wages, various rules about employment, etc.
It was the type of attitude you're portraying that actually gave rise to unions. In reality, people like you gave birth to unions which at one time seemed like a good idea, but now are a mixed bag.
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Re: Re: Forced to hand over login?
The fact that she handed the info over doesn't protect her from being fired. IMO, she has done no one a favor by doing so.
She could sue for wrongful dismissal if they do not compensate her properly based on time worked at the place, but that is all.
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Other than discrimination laws, I've never seen any other type of general employment law giving such protections.
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Assuming the workplace exists as in your grim scenario...one individual is fired for not performing a task as well as another unemployed individual could, and the latter is subsequently hired as a replacement. What's the issue here? Should the unemployed worker have stayed unemployed? Do they not have "little needs like food, shelter, etc."?
The business is now better off because it has a more valuable employee, the net amount of unemployed is unchanged, and now that the business is more efficient, perhaps it will make enough extra to hire one more person. Why should the employer be forced to retain the original employee at the expense of not only the business, but the better employee on the street?
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Re: Re: Re: depends on the state, depends on what is said
Unions form at shops where employees are not satisfied that they have a fair voice. This almost certainly ends up being a bad employer.
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In an online forum, your debating the FUCKING IDEA not the God Damned PERSON.
JOIN IN, you assholes.
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Re: Re: Re:
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Taking into consideration the overwhelming stupidity of people in general - that's the way it will stay - for me.
I'm glad I don't have one!
But outta curiosity - what restaurant was that? After all - they can fire who they want and for whatever reasons. Just like I can ask 'what restaurant was it'.
Since I too; have the say so in where I buy things.
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Re: In Arkansas
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Re: Re:
I believe you're referring to "at will employment" which is actually in place in many states. However, if a contract is signed, both employee and employer must stick to the contract.
Tell me something dramatic. Maybe something with fire or disappearance of a loved one.
I believe you're referring to "at will employment" which is actually in place in many states. However, if a contract is signed, both employee and employer must stick to the contract.
Within the Credit Card Industry, many similar agreements have often been found to be signed by Mickey Mouse.
If you signed a contract to buy gas from that station as long as it met certain conditions, then yes, suddenly switching gas stations is going to cause legal problems.
Sure I'll think about that while I pay at the pump.
Also, you can't fire someone based on any sort of discrimination and while technically you can't refuse to hire based on discrimination, thats only proven in cases where there's just one qualified applicant (otherwise, its difficult to prove it wasn't just one seemed better fit to the job).
Perhaps there's some truth to that. However, I decided long ago that I would never, ever work for you again, moved across the country to find someone who would find my ideas valuable. Mindgames are not for me. Logistics rule. Good luck with your political company.
It was the type of attitude you're portraying that actually gave rise to unions. In reality, people like you gave birth to unions which at one time seemed like a good idea, but now are a mixed bag.
I enjoy challenges. Maybe this was why WaMU is now owned by Chase. Maybe it's why MySQL is owned by Sun.
I gave you 3 chances, which I believe is fair.
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Re:
Unless it can be shown to have a direct impact on the work being done, it's my feeling the employer has absolutely no rights as to what's done outside of work.
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I dine out frequently, and Houston's management should be concerned
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privacy
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Re: privacy
Freedom of Speech does not gurantee Freedom of Speech w/o any consquences whatsoever. In fact, unless I have my laws crisscrossed, that part begins with "CONGRESS shall make no law..."
What an employer does isn't covered.
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Authorized?
Was the employee who handed over her login authorized to grant access to others? If not (and I doubt that she was) then it seems to me that the company access was indeed unauthorized and in violation of the law.
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Moral: play fair, but don't expect anyone else to
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Re:
Sure. However, when you look around, and see the kids, they don't own anything. They're been told to do everything right, be good kids and everything will be okay, but they don't own anything.
Ownership, it seems, is now the privilege of the wealthy. Most of this indoctrination started around 1994. Don't worry about politics, we'll take care of that with No Child Left Behind and remove civics and political science from curriculum.
This is the underlying principal of Anon provides. What changed is that the game changed. You never adopted. Ten years ago we got the hint. We know.
Good. Read this book: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/28/books/28kaku.html?pagewanted=1&th&emc=th
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2) Asymmetry of power exists. Employer treats employee badly, knowing the job market is bad. Employee has no means of defense due to employer holding their job in the balance.
3) This is just a strawman, here. Has nothing at all to do with the article or previous argument.
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Re: In Arkansas
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'The case in New Jersey centers on two employees of Houston's restaurant in Hackensack'
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Wanna chat about that?
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In what universe are businesses not property?
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Re: depends on the state, depends on what is said
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Most employees, in the US at least, don't have contracts.
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