Regulating Synthetic Biology: Does Freedom Of Speech Apply To DNA Letters?

from the democratizing-creation dept

Tue, Jan 13th 2015 1:10am — Glyn Moody

Techdirt has written often enough about applications of DNA sequencing -- the elucidation of the four chemical "letters" A, C, G, T that go to make up genomes. But things have moved on: the new frontier is not just analyzing DNA, but synthesizing it. A fascinating article on SFGate describes the activities of one company working in this area, Cambrian Genomics, and some of the tricky ethical issues it raises:

In Austen Heinz's vision of the future, customers tinker with the genetic codes of plants and animals and even design new creatures on a computer. Then his startup, Cambrian Genomics, prints that DNA quickly, accurately and cheaply.

"Anyone in the world that has a few dollars can make a creature, and that changes the game," Heinz said. "And that creates a whole new world."

The 31-year-old CEO has a deadpan demeanor that can be hard to read, but he is not kidding. In a makeshift laboratory in San Francisco, his synthetic biology company uses lasers to create custom DNA for major pharmaceutical companies. Its mission, to "democratize creation" with minimal to no regulation, frightens bioethicists as deeply as it thrills Silicon Valley venture capitalists.

Printing the new DNA is the easy bit; increasingly, the hard bit is deciding what should -- and shouldn't -- be printed: Right now, employees check each order to make sure that a customer isn't printing, say, base pairs of Ebola. But staff won’t have time to do that if, as Heinz predicts, orders dramatically increase in the next two years. In that case, he said, Cambrian might first ship the plates to an independent facility where experts would put the DNA inside cells, film and analyze it, and make sure that it is safe before releasing it.

This facility, he envisions, could be run by another company, not necessarily the government. Because Cambrian wants to keep government interference to an absolute minimum, its CEO insists that behaving well is in the company’s best interest.
That may be true, but as this technology spreads, and becomes cheaper, more and more companies around the world will start to offer similar services, making it harder to oversee their working. And then there will be the backstreet labs that intentionally try to avoid any kind of control. Soon, if you can model it, you will be able to synthesize it. Cambrian Genomics is already helping to drive the spread of its tools and ideas: Cambrian will also share its technology with startups in which it holds a 10 percent equity stake. One is Petomics, which is making a probiotic for cats and dogs that makes their feces smell like bananas. Another is SweetPeach, which hopes to take samples of users' vaginal microorganisms and send back personalized probiotics to promote vaginal health. (Contrary to Heinz's description of SweetPeach at a recent conference, the products will not make vaginas smell like peaches.)

Heinz seeks to help create "thousands" more startups in this vein. On top of that, he wants to replace lost limbs, fight viruses and develop alternatives to antibiotics. Maybe someday, he said, scientists will even print DNA on Mars. "It’s going to be an amazing next few hundred years."
Given the rapid advances in synthetic biology, that certainly seems likely. The question is: will the next few hundred years be good amazing, or bad amazing? Where -- and how -- do we draw the line here?

Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter or identi.ca, and +glynmoody on Google+

Filed Under: dna, printing, printing lifeforms, speech, synthetic biology
Companies: cambrian genomics

21 Comments

Awesome Stuff: CES Edition

Innovation

from the gadgets-galore dept

Sat, Jan 10th 2015 9:00am — Mike Masnick

We're back again with another awesome stuff of interesting crowdfunding projects (it took a little vacation during the holidays). Since this past week was CES, the giant trade show that takes over Las Vegas and is full of new and interesting gadgets and technology, we figured we'd highlight three new projects that all launched this week at CES.

3Doodler 2.0 If you regularly follow hot Kickstarter projects, you're probably aware of the original 3Doodler, a handheld 3D printing pen. Well, the same folks are back with the 3Doodler 2.0 and it looks awesome. Much smaller and compact, it just looks like a much more advanced product than the original. While the original looked more like a prototype (though it seems to have worked just fine), this one looks more like a real product. LyteShot I've seen other attempts at this kind of thing before, but LyteShot is a "sensor-based mobile gaming platform." An easy way to think of it might be as laser-tag for the smartphone generation. It includes a devices that sends out a beam and a puck device that catches it -- not unlike the old laser tag. But of course, this is a bit more advanced and connects to your phones and lets you make all different kind of games around it, such as a version of Assassin, which is the initial game being released. So far, other attempts to do this kind of thing haven't really caught on (and this project hasn't yet set the world on fire), but it's interesting to see how people are thinking through new ways to do mobile gaming. Vikaura Screen The Vikaura is an e-ink screen that lets you share information from your phone to a specific screen. There are a number of potential use-cases described, but it's basically an inexpensive low-power, wireless black & white, screen that can be used in a variety of different ways. The main example used is for pushing images, but that seems like a weak use case, given that it's just an e-ink screen. But other things like an information display, to-do-list, simple way to push certain messages to certain people, seem like they could be more compelling.

Filed Under: 3d printing, awesome stuff, ces, mobile gaming

5 Comments

Toyota Joins Tesla In Freeing A Bunch Of Key Patents

Patents

from the good-for-innovation dept

Wed, Jan 7th 2015 9:07pm — Mike Masnick

Last June, Elon Musk and Tesla made some news in freeing up Tesla's patents, hoping to jumpstart the market for electric cars. As we pointed out at the time, this highlighted how patents can, and often do, hold back innovation -- and we hoped that others might take notice. It's taken a while, but at CES this week, Toyota also announced plans to free patents, focusing on the 5,680 patents (including pending patents) it has on fuel cell drive systems. The details still matter, but Toyota says that the patents are all available, "royalty free." The patents seem to cover the whole stack of things necessary to develop hydrogen fuel cell cars -- including the patents for hydrogen stations.

Of course, the idea, as with Tesla, is that the market needs to be jumpstarted, and that means a lot of companies working together to help build the infrastructure and educate the market. That's done best by sharing the information and letting everyone compete on the actual execution. But, of course, that's what we've been arguing should be the case for lots of technology areas as well. The patents are only serving to hold back so many markets, not allowing companies to build the best possible products they can, and thus limiting overall innovation and adoption.

Hopefully more companies -- and not just automakers -- will start to recognize why this is such a good idea, not just for their own business, but for innovation in general.

Filed Under: competition, cooperation, ecosystems, fuel cells, hydrogen fuel cells, innovation, patents
Companies: tesla, toyota

25 Comments

How 'Gongkai' Innovation Could Allow China To Leapfrog The West

Innovation

from the not-necessarily-according-to-the-letter-of-the-law dept

Wed, Jan 7th 2015 1:00am — Glyn Moody

Back in 2011, we wrote about the fascinating culture of "shanzhai" production -- Chinese companies manufacturing counterfeit goods that ignore intellectual monopolies like patents. The post drew on insights from the open hardware hacker Andrew "bunnie" Huang, who has been following this world closely, drawing on his first-hand experiences of visiting and using shanzhai companies. In 2013, Huang gave the shanzhai approach to sharing -- like open source, but not quite -- a name: "gongkai". In a long and fascinating new post, he explains the background to the term:

["Gongkai"] is deliberately not the Chinese word for "Open Source", because that word (kaiyuan) refers to openness in a Western-style IP framework, which this not. Gongkai is more a reference to the fact that copyrighted documents, sometimes labeled "confidential" and "proprietary", are made known to the public and shared overtly, but not necessarily according to the letter of the law. However, this copying isn't a one-way flow of value, as it would be in the case of copied movies or music. Rather, these documents are the knowledge base needed to build a phone using the copyright owner's chips, and as such, this sharing of documents helps to promote the sales of their chips. There is ultimately, if you will, a quid-pro-quo between the copyright holders and the copiers.

This contrasts with the Western approach, where explicit permission to use every patented invention or extract of copyright material must be obtained in advance before progressing further. The resulting "patent thickets" and copyright analogs are a growing problem for complex digital products that depend on multiple technologies built out of small incremental advances, most of which are patented, and which therefore require separate licenses and negotiations. The more flexible gongkai approach offers an interesting alternative. Huang goes on to explore the important differences between what he calls "this fuzzy, gray relationship between companies and entrepreneurs" and the way things work with the Western system: The West has a "broadcast" view of IP and ownership: good ideas and innovation are credited to a clearly specified set of authors or inventors, and society pays them a royalty for their initiative and good works. China has a "network" view of IP and ownership: the far-sight necessary to create good ideas and innovations is attained by standing on the shoulders of others, and as such there is a network of people who trade these ideas as favors among each other. In a system with such a loose attitude toward IP, sharing with the network is necessary as tomorrow it could be your friend standing on your shoulders, and you’ll be looking to them for favors. This is unlike the West, where rule of law enables IP to be amassed over a long period of time, creating impenetrable monopoly positions. It's good for the guys on top, but tough for the upstarts.
This "network IP" results in an elevated rate of product innovation: Chinese entrepreneurs ... churn out new phones at an almost alarming pace. Phone models change on a seasonal basis. Entrepreneurs experiment all the time, integrating whacky features into phones, such as cigarette lighters, extra-large battery packs (that can be used to charge another phone), huge buttons (for the visually impaired), reduced buttons (to give to children as emergency-call phones), watch form factors, and so forth. This is enabled because very small teams of engineers can obtain complete design packages for working phones -- case, board, and firmware -- allowing them to fork the design and focus only on the pieces they really care about.
The fact that many of those products fail, or are "whacky", misses the key point here: that the gongkai system, with its low barriers to entry, allows experimentation and improvement to be iterated so rapidly that bad ideas fall quickly by the wayside, to be replaced by better ones, until a winning combination is achieved. As patent thickets and copyright maximalism tie up Western companies in fruitless and debilitating legal battles, the shanzhai companies and their nimble gongkai culture may soon emerge as the true heirs of the innovative startups that created Silicon Valley and the Internet before intellectual monopolies started to throttle both.

Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter or identi.ca, and +glynmoody on Google+

Filed Under: andrew huang, bunnie huang, china, gongkai, innovation, intellectual property, open source, patents, permission, permissionless, sharing

18 Comments

Awesome Stuff: Good Ol' Content

Innovation

from the art-games-math dept

Sat, Dec 20th 2014 9:00am — Leigh Beadon

For this week's awesome stuff, we take a break from the usual crowdfunding campaigns to look at three creators raising money on Patreon, the platform where you can sign up to make regular monthly contributions towards the creation of new content.

Surviving Creativity

This is a podcast that's right up Techdirt's alley. Brad Guigar, Scott Kurtz, and Cory Casoni — some or all of whom you may recognize from their webcomics, videos and other projects — discuss the challenges of building a business as a content creator online. The first episode, appropriately, features the creator of Patreon itself:

With 103 patrons it's just getting off the ground — but if they hit a goal of $500 per episode, they're going to live-stream them all, and at $750 take the show out on tour.

PushingUpRoses

I know I'm not the only retro video game fan around here. If you too love our pixellated heritage, check out the videos from PushingUpRoses, who exclusively makes retro videogame reviews and related content. Here she is discussing an all-time classic and personal favorite:

PushingUpRoses has already hit her critical milestone goals, with nearly 200 patrons giving just over $1000 per month — but you can still support the project, and if it hits $2000 she'll be, in her own words, "overwhelmed".

Numberphile

The Numberphile, aka Brady Haran, creates videos all about the world of math and numbers, in which there is no shortage of fascinating and important topics. The videos bring in a variety of experts to talk about things ranging from the lofty to the down-to-earth, like this discussion about infinity:

With over $2,000 in monthly funding, the Numberphile is going strong — but every new pledge just adds to the production quality and depth of these already-excellent videos.

Filed Under: awesome stuff, content, crowdfunding

5 Comments

Techdirt Podcast Episode 5: The Internet From Space!

Techdirt

from the not-so-crazy dept

Thu, Dec 18th 2014 1:40pm — Leigh Beadon

This week's episode of Techdirt Podcast is all about thinking outside the box (and the atmosphere) on the subjects of broadband and global connectivity. There have been many attempts to build practical satellite-based internet access over the years, and though so far they have all been multibillion-dollar failures, there's still a huge amount of potential in the concept — not to mention other innovative concepts, like internet from balloons, blimps or floating platforms. This week, Mike, Hersh and Dennis discuss the past and future of such ideas, and the revolutionary disruptions that they could usher in.

If you still haven't subscribed, you should follow us on Soundcloud, subscribe via iTunes, or simply plug the RSS feed into your favorite podcatcher app (we have a few recommendations). Of course, you can also keep up with all the latest episodes right here on Techdirt.

If you've already subscribed, please note: we've moved our podcast RSS feed to a new location — techdirt.com/podcast.xml — which will be its permanent home going forward. The old RSS feed will continue to work indefinitely, but the new address (which acts as a redirect) safeguards against disruption from any future changes to our podcast hosting setup.

Filed Under: balloons, cubesats, internet, internet access, nano satellites, nanosats, net neutrality, satellites, space

3 Comments

The Sky Is Rising For Luxury Goods Online

Innovation

from the opportunities-abound dept

Thu, Dec 11th 2014 3:38pm — Mike Masnick

Earlier today, we at Floor64 released the latest "Sky is Rising" study that we've done, in association with CCIA, this time about the nature of the luxury goods market online: The Sky is Rising: Luxury Goods Edition. This is a bit of a departure from the three previous editions of the "Sky is Rising" reports -- which all focused on entertainment content. However, as we've been seeing over the last few years, while the effect has not been as dramatic, some traditional luxury brands have been attacking the internet, or suggesting that the internet is somehow damaging for their business. Usually, this is because they feel that they have lost some level of control over the channel -- and many traditional legacy goods companies have used stringent controls over the channel as part of their business model. Our research, however, demonstrates that their fear of the internet is misplaced. Companies embracing the internet have found that it's a better way to connect with consumers. Offering them new ways to research and buy such goods is one obvious aspect, but it has also created new communities that have enabled people to become more connected and supportive of certain brands. It's also helped to open up new geographical markets and opportunities, allowing smaller brands to go global where historically that would have been too expensive or difficult.

Overall, we see that the internet has been a major driving force in growing the market for these goods, and we've seen that, contrary to the fears of some companies, things like secondary markets (for used goods) enabled by the internet have really only served to help. It has expanded brands name recognition and desire much further, and created plenty of new opportunities for brands. And, of course, it's not just the "legacy" big brands that we're talking about. The rise of the internet has enabled new luxury brands to take the world by storm, using new tools like crowdfunding and flash sales to build up a supportive customer base.

In short, as we've seen with our studies on the internet as it relates to entertainment content, while the internet has created certain new challenges for traditional players, those who have embraced the internet, rather than fought it, have found tremendous benefits in doing so. Please check out the report below, or see CCIA's announcement as well. The Sky Is Rising: Luxury Goods

Filed Under: innovation, internet, luxury goods, retail, sky is rising, trademark

GAO Study: Broadband Usage Caps Can Hinder Innovation, The FCC Might Want To Actually Pay Attention

Broadband

from the gosh-you-don't-say dept

Thu, Dec 11th 2014 2:39pm — Karl Bode

For years incumbent ISPs have abused limited market competition to impose usage caps on fixed-line connections, then sock customers with per gigabyte overages. These slowly-expanding usage caps are usually imposed under the pretense that the ISPs are just ultra worried about fairness and managing the congestion bogeyman. After years of pretense, even the carriers a few years back finally acknowledged that usage caps aren't really about congestion. They're price hikes in a dress, and they're designed specifically to protect legacy TV revenues from the rise of Internet video.

Meanwhile, while ISPs want to bill and meter like utilities, they repeatedly demand that it's unAmerican to regulate them like utilities (as we've seen repeatedly during the Title II fracas). The result so far has been usage meters that often don't work, in some cases resulting in customers being billed while the modem is off or the power is out. Regulators for a decade have napped on this issue, at most acting as if this is just a wonderful example of creative industry pricing.

We've spent many years talking about how usage caps can easily hinder innovation and often just wind up confusing consumers (quite intentionally). Fast forward to 2014 and a new GAO study this week posits that hey, usage caps (and usage-based pricing, UBP) can hinder innovation and may confuse customers:

"According to the literature, providers facing limited competition could use UBP to increase profits, potentially resulting in negative effects, including increased prices, reductions in content accessed, and increased threats to network security. Several researchers and stakeholders GAO interviewed said that UBP could reduce innovation for applications and content if consumers ration their data. While FCC is collecting data regarding fixed UBP, it is not using this data to track UBP use because it only recently started collecting the data specifically to analyze prices. As a result, although FCC is charged with promoting the public interest, it may not know if UBP is being used in a way that is contrary to the public interest and, if so, take appropriate actions."

In other words, the FCC is behind the game when it comes to tracking usage cap data, and therefore couldn't be bothered to study the negative impact of usage caps. The GAO noted that "better communication is warranted" on the issue and that the fixed-line broadband industry should develop a "voluntary code of conduct" to make sure consumers understand what they're buying. While that's all well and good, it doesn't address the failure of regulators to track meter accuracy, nor does it really address the fact that usage caps are by and large (like neutrality violations) the byproduct of uncompetitive markets.

Historically cable and phone companies have argued that they should be free to engage in pricing experimentation, and that straight usage-based billing plans could potentially benefit consumers. The GAO agrees, noting that plans where users only pay for what they use would certainly be ok:

"The literature also suggests that providers could implement UBP to benefit consumers—for example, by offering low-data, low-cost plans for those who do not want an unlimited data plan. While mobile providers GAO reviewed offer such plans, fixed providers—generally facing less competition—do so to a lesser extent."

Odd, that. Obviously the problem is that while carriers pay lip service to usage-based plans that offer value, with no competition this never actually comes to fruition. What we wind up seeing are plans that simply take existing flat-rate unlimited pricing, with overage fees layered on top. In a few instances users will get a tiny discount in exchange for giving up the freedom of unlimited data. For example, Time Warner Cable (who took an absolute PR beating in 2009 and had to retreat from mandatory caps) now offers users a $5 discount if they replace unlimited consumption with a $5 usage cap. Feeling the value yet?

Caps have been a particular worry as Comcast (who is slowly expanding usage cap trials in its least competitive Southern markets) is poised to soon control 40% of the U.S. broadband market after it acquires Time Warner Cable. With AT&T and Verizon backing out of many unwanted DSL markets, cable's going to enjoy a stronger monopoly in many areas over the next decade than ever before. One guess what kind of "creative" pricing plans will be the end result?

Filed Under: broadband, fcc, gao, innovation, usage caps

Newegg, Troll Hunting, And The Fight For Patent Reform

Patents

from the we-need-reform dept

Mon, Dec 8th 2014 12:43pm — CEA

Post sponsored by

Techdirt has written about Newegg many times since the company became a leader in fighting back against ridiculous patent lawsuits, going toe-to-toe with some of the biggest trolls around. The company's Chief Legal Officer, Lee Cheng, has vowed to never settle with a patent troll, and so far has never lost an appeal on a patent claim. As he puts it:

As I learned about this uniquely American litigation industry, it became clear that the lawsuits were being filed by people who had identified a way to extract unjust premiums for often worthless patents because of weaknesses in our legal system. The majority of defendants, both large and small companies, are forced to settle with patent trolls because of the high costs of defending themselves.

Newegg has fought back and won — but, as satisfying as it is when a patent troll gets smacked down in court, this is still an unnecessary and unfair tax on innovation, draining time and resources from companies like Newegg that could be better spent doing just about anything other than fending off frivolous patent lawsuits. And for every company that fights back, there are many more that don't have those resources at all, and simply pay the extortionist fees that make patent trolls billions of dollars richer every year. No matter how many companies fight back, the problem won't truly be solved without real patent litigation reform that addresses the roots of trolling and abuse.

Last week marked the one year anniversary of the passage of the Innovation Act in the House, by a bipartisan majority. The bill, which would have made real progress in addressing the patent troll problem, was blocked in the Senate, but there is no good reason this bipartisan bill supported by the President should not be law. Today, the CEA urges you to contact your U.S. Senator and ask them to pass patent litigation reform using the contact tool at that link and embedded below.

The Innovation Movement, sponsored by the Consumer Electronics Association, unites those who believe innovation is critical to American global leadership and economic growth. The Innovation Movement uses grassroots advocacy tools to support smart public policies, like patent litigation reform, that foster startups and innovation. To learn more about the Innovation Movement’s work fighting patent trolls, visit trollticker.com, follow on Twitter @imovement and like Innovation Movement on Facebook.

Filed Under: innovation act, lee cheng, patent troll, patents, sponsored post
Companies: newegg

Awesome Stuff: Documentary Day

Say That Again

from the true-storytelling dept

Sat, Dec 6th 2014 9:00am — Leigh Beadon

For this week's awesome stuff, we've got a few informative film projects doing the rounds on Kickstarter.

Arresting Power

With the ever-present issue of police abuse and racial profiling currently coming to a head across America, the time is right for the release of a documentary like Arresting Power, which tracks the history of these and related problems in Portland, Oregon, going all the way back to civil rights actions in the 60s. But it didn't catch my eye just because it's topical — there's also an interesting reason the filmmakers need cash. Apparently they gained access to the Oregon Historical Society's film archives, where they got film of meetings and marches dating back over fifty years — but the society wants $6 per second for the rights to use the footage.

The Penalty

Closely tied up with the debate about law enforcement is the debate about the death penalty, so our second documentary this week is The Penalty, which follows the stories of three different people whose lives are tangled up with capital punishment in different ways, including an exonerated inmate who spent 15 years on death row.

RealAnimalsFakePaws

Okay, I'm cheating a bit here, since this one isn't exactly a documentary. But we all remember a couple of months ago when John Oliver created footage of dogs dressed as Supreme Court justices and challenged the internet to create videos of all the major cases, right? Well, one person at least is aiming to do exactly that, with the ambitious plan of doing every recorded Supreme Court case one mini-Kickstarter at a time. There's only a day left to help him hit his modest $250 goal, and I for one think he deserves a shot to show everyone what he can do!

Filed Under: awesome stuff, crowdfunding, documentary

1 Comment

<< Newer Stories

Older Stories >>

Follow Techdirt

Essential Reading

The Techdirt Greenhouse

Read the latest posts:

read all »

Techdirt Deals

Report this ad | Hide Techdirt ads

Techdirt Insider Discord

The latest chatter on the Techdirt Insider Discord channel...

Older Stuff

Thursday
14:44	Defining The Patent Troll (24)
Monday
12:04	One Year Since The Innovation Act, And Still No Patent Reform (9)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Podcast Apps (17)
Monday
14:57	Why New York's Sharing Economy Is A Win For Job Creation And Innovation (8)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Sound The Alarm (8)
Monday
17:00	DailyDirt: Hoverboards Are Real! (9)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Repurposing Skateboards (5)
Wednesday
21:12	Departing EU Digital Commissioner Warns Against 'Analogue Europe' Blocking Digital Innovation (11)
Tuesday
14:48	Have Drone Will Travel: Slow-Moving Regulators Force Innovation Overseas (10)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Portable Standing Desks (14)
Thursday
09:14	Neil deGrasse Tyson Attacks 'Startup Culture,' Demonstrates Lack Of Understanding About Innovation (107)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Time Travel (13)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Simple And Small Stuff (10)
Monday
15:52	Why Industry Vets Should Play Nice With Startups (8)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Rethinking The... Trash Can? (8)
Tuesday
17:00	DailyDirt: Supersuits Are The Next Wearable Tech? (10)
Wednesday
17:00	DailyDirt: Better Keyboards (10)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Rethinking Retro: Rocket Skates, Coolers And Tickers (6)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Not Quite A Smart Watch (13)
Thursday
11:58	Elon Musk Destroys The Rationale For Patents, Opens Up All Of Tesla's (65)
Saturday
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Alternative Energy (12)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Portable, Modular Computer Stands And Furniture (7)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Pets Need Innovative Technology Too (7)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: People Powered Vehicles (7)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Stand While You Work (19)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Functional Fashion (5)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Mainstreaming Augmented And Virtual Reality (9)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: A Notebook For Your Thoughts (5)
09:00	Awesome Stuff: Get Out And Exercise (7)
12:00	Awesome Stuff: Everything Old Is New Again (21)

from the democratizing-creation dept

from the gadgets-galore dept

from the good-for-innovation dept

from the not-necessarily-according-to-the-letter-of-the-law dept

from the art-games-math dept

from the not-so-crazy dept

from the opportunities-abound dept

from the gosh-you-don't-say dept

from the we-need-reform dept

from the true-storytelling dept

Techdirt Daily Newsletter

The Techdirt Greenhouse

Tools & Services

Company

Contact

More