Did Pencils Make Us Dumber?

from the moral-panics-through-the-ages dept

Wed, Sep 23rd 2009 9:45am — Mike Masnick

We've talked about the popularity of moral panics for any new kind of technology, and shown how various reports of new technologies somehow being "bad" are almost always unfounded and over exaggerated. Claims of pretty much every modern technology somehow making us dumber are almost never supported by the facts, but still, you get people just trying to drum up book sales telling us that Google makes us dumber by encouraging people not to read as much -- when actual evidence shows people are reading more long-form works.

It appears there's a recent book out, A Better Pencil, by Dennis Baron, that explores how these same fears and totally unsubstantiated moral panics seem to have come about with pretty much every new communications platform out there. Baron recently did an interview with Salon, where he pointed out that these same sorts of fears go back all the way to Plato:

I start with Plato's critique of writing where he says that if we depend on writing, we will lose the ability to remember things. Our memory will become weak. And he also criticizes writing because the written text is not interactive in the way spoken communication is. He also says that written words are essentially shadows of the things they represent. They're not the thing itself. Of course we remember all this because Plato wrote it down -- the ultimate irony.

We hear a thousand objections of this sort throughout history: Thoreau objecting to the telegraph, because even though it speeds things up, people won't have anything to say to one another. Then we have Samuel Morse, who invents the telegraph, objecting to the telephone because nothing important is ever going to be done over the telephone because there's no way to preserve or record a phone conversation. There were complaints about typewriters making writing too mechanical, too distant -- it disconnects the author from the words. That a pen and pencil connects you more directly with the page. And then with the computer, you have the whole range of "this is going to revolutionize everything" versus "this is going to destroy everything."

So, forgive me for being skeptical about each new fear about each new communications technology that comes about. For all the cries of "but this time, it's different," it's the same exact story we've seen pretty much throughout history. The technology makes it easier to communicate, and those who benefited from the older restrictions get most afraid of what the new technologies allow. Often, it just seems to be a fear that there will be more competition and more innovation, and the old-timers are afraid they're not equipped or able to keep up.

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Filed Under: a better pencil, dennis baron, innovation, moral panics, pencils, writing

41 Comments

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Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:04am

back when we had stone tablets, one mistake could destroy a month of chipping. Someone then figured out how to make crude paint and a month of work then took a few days. You bet ya the stone tablet maker was pissed off at that one too.
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:Lobo Santo (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:40am

Did Pencils Make Us Dumber
No, the damage was already done by chalk & chalkboards.
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duder, 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:43am

Way to go connecting with fans Plato!!!!

/s
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- scarr (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:54am
  
  Re:
  That really cracked me up!
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RD, 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:43am

yes!
Bet they went to the local govt of the time to have the new paint makers stoned to death for harming their stone tablet business too.
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NotFromToronto (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:43am

On The Bright Side
No amount of screaming that the sky is falling ever actually stops the advance of innovation... it just tests our collective resolve.
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keven sutton, 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:46am

As far as plato...
I thought that plato didn't right any of his lectures down, it was his students doing it. may be wrong, but I'm pretty sure that was the way it went down.
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sceptic (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:54am

Skepticism is my favorite
"forgive me for being skeptical about each new fear about each new communications technology that comes about"

Never any need to ask forgiveness for skepticism. Where would analytical thinking be with out it?

-and Kevin is right about Plato. His students wrote it down
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- Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 1:53pm
  
  Re: Skepticism is my favorite
  Actually, I believe it was Plato writing down what Socrates said or was it Plato's students writing down what Plato said Socrates said or....was it Plato's students writing down what Plato said but attributed to Socrates so that Plato's students would give it more credence and then write it down?
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Bob, 23 Sep 2009 @ 10:54am

Maybe they are making us dyumber
"I thought that plato didn't right any of his lectures down, it was his students doing it. may be wrong, but I'm pretty sure that was the way it went down."

That was Socrates.
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- Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 12:08pm
  
  Re: Maybe they are making us dyumber
  And it was Plato who wrote down Socrates's words. Oh, the Irony.
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Hulser (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:03am

The technology makes it easier to communicate, and those who benefited from the older restrictions get most afraid of what the new technologies allow.

This makes it sound like a purely capitalistic model. I think it's more psychological. If it were just about profit, the people who were in control of the old technology would be in the best position to see when their replacement was invented and to jump on the bandwagon. This would be the capitalistic model. But this doesn't happen because people simply like what they know in spite of whether something they don't know could make them more money.
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- DJ (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:07am
  
  Re:
  Dang them newfangled whatsawhosits!!!
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- MCR, 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:15am
  
  Re:
  Actually, they're usually dragged to the Bandwagon, kicking and screaming :)
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- Dizzley (profile), 25 Sep 2009 @ 2:28am
  
  Re:
  I think it's true that capitalism drives the resistance to technologies when it comes from vested interests - e.g. the RIAA - "Hey! Somebody's cheating US from our profits! The sky is falling! The sky is falling!"
  
  New technologies win in spite of those objections because they are ENABLING technologies. E.g. people will carry on ripping CDs (they own) onto mp3 players (they own) because it's better. The CD producers will carry on whinging, but as Canute showed - just telling the tide to go back will never work.
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Ulysses Blakeley (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:04am

not exactly ...dumber
No the technological info tools aren't making us "dumber", but they are impacting the degree to which we can engage complexity. As a manager of college hires in the IT realm since 1995, I will say that I see an unambiguous decline in the ability to sustain "complex thought". Problem resolution, in depth instruction, multi-threaded, lengthy narrative, have all had to be significantly deconstructed in order to make use of the average graduate (in their 'as delivered' state). Without studies of my own to reference I would not speculate as to what aspect of the technology is at work, but something has made them less useful than they typically were in the past. Nooo, it's not "dumber" but .....
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- DJ (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:24am
  
  Re: not exactly ...dumber
  Yeah that phenomenon has nothing to do with the advancement of technology; at least not directly. For example, how many TV sets were in the average household during the civil war vs. how many are there now? This is the same thing that has happened throughout history as technology advances.
  
  As technology advances, so, too, does the basic understanding of technology in general, and therefore the general intellect of the populous is furthered rather than hindered. Technology only becomes truly obsolete if the new technology completely eliminates the need for the old. Example: wooden graphite pencils. Even in this age of computers, we still use them. Why? Because they have their place; even stone engraving has its place still, but it's a specialized niche (gravestones, buildings, etc.).
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Haywood, 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:08am

Cellphones, though do make us dumber
Or maybe we just notice the really dumb cellphone users more.
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- Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 1:58pm
  
  Re: Cellphones, though do make us dumber
  It is a sad waste of opposable thumbs isn't it?
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Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:16am

Having more knowledge does not make some more intelligent. It is how the knowledge is used that makes someone a genius.
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- DJ (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:33am
  
  Re:
  Being a genius refers to someone's IQ, which has nothing to do with their acquired knowledge. So you're right on that point. However, someone's IQ affects their ability to apply their acquired knowledge, not the other way. So you're wrong there.
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Overcast (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:26am

"when actual evidence shows people are reading more long-form works."

I can attest to that, most definitely.
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Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:32am

so UR saiying dat IM-ing N T3xting R knot Badd 4 a languge?
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- Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 1:45pm
  
  Re:
  I can tell you that I have serious difficulties understanding what you wrote.
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  - Anonymous Coward, 24 Sep 2009 @ 2:22pm
    
    Re: Re:
    I think that was the point.
    
    Though I feel a bit disturbed that I was able to read it as easily as proper English.
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Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:37am

At least for pirates the improvement must have been great because I don't remember people having to have lessons to use a tape recorder but I do see a lot of people paying to learn how to use a computer LoL
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Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:38am

Yes.
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Bob, 23 Sep 2009 @ 11:59am

Yes. Lack of knowledge does make one dumber.
Knowledge is a component of intelligence. The faculty of reason alone is practically useless.

Its often better to know that something is, then to have the ability to arrive at that understanding independently.

For example, I'd rather my child KNOW that if they touch something hot they will get burned then have the ABILITY to understand thermodynamics.
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- Anonymous Coward, 23 Sep 2009 @ 12:02pm
  
  Re: Yes. Lack of knowledge does make one dumber.
  What does that have to do with the price of tea in China?
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  - DJ (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 12:44pm
    
    Re: Re: Yes. Lack of knowledge does make one dumber.
    Iced notwithstanding, tea is typically hot so....
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- DJ (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 12:21pm
  
  Re: Yes. Lack of knowledge does make one dumber.
  I wouldn't. I'd rather have my son understand thermodynamics. You touch a burner, you get burned, you know you don't want to touch that burner anymore. A freaking hamster can figure that one out. Understanding thermodynamics requires higher intelligence, and someone with higher intelligence is far more valuable to society than a hamster.
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  - DJ (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 12:22pm
    
    Re: Re: Yes. Lack of knowledge does make one dumber.
    Oh yeah and if you understand thermodynamics you don't HAVE to touch it to know it'll burn you.
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NullOp, 23 Sep 2009 @ 1:49pm

What it REALLY is....
What has really made us dumber is the lack of expectations in our schools. Our teachers don't expect us to perform. It is not demanded of us. We are allowed to under-achieve and it's "OK". As long as this goes on we'll just stay where we are.
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jerome (profile), 23 Sep 2009 @ 2:21pm

Plato was partially right... but one should not fear new communication technologies
Plato was right to a certain extent; use of writing has weakened the pressure to remember quantities of text. In ancient Greece competitions where mostly illiterate singers would perform on thousands of verses from Iliad and Odyssey. The hypothesis that the ability to memorize hours of spoken text was linked to illiteracy (or blindness) is known for long time but it has been experimentally tested relatively recently; in the Balkans a tradition of epic poem singers existed for centuries, and until the 20th Century some poets were still singing the famous poem relating the Battle of Kosovo (14th Century). It has been shown that those poets would lose their ability to memorize when learning to read and write. Eventually, with the progress of education in the past decades, such memory performers have completely disappeared.

(I might find again scholar references to these claims whenever I pass by home country.)

So yes, the pencil made us "lose" part of the abilities that it superseded, but the fear is pointless, because it juste gave us the opportunity to allocate our memory to different activities.

(To avoid misunderstanding: I totally agree with Michael Masnik's conclusions.)
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Jenn, 23 Sep 2009 @ 4:33pm

An addendum to Jerome
Agreed. Wholeheartedly. As a current student, the pencil does not make me dumber, it allows me to use my brain to manipulate reams of information as opposed to simply holding it all in place.

That being said, rote memorization is virtually extinct, which had its uses. I cannot simply recall the structures of various biological molecules, but I most certainly can rotate that structure in my mind, and imagine the interactions of surface protrusions with its environment...

With the information easily available, the question really becomes a matter of debate: what's the best use of an individual's brain capacity?
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franz hespenheide, 23 Sep 2009 @ 4:45pm

Pencils, etc.
We'll see how smart we are now with all of our technology when the electricity goes off ...
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Adam Bauer, 24 Sep 2009 @ 12:06am

Pencils
there once was a generation of mathematicians wringing their hands in consternation because the new kids were not learning the traditional math. These upstarts were only interested in some new fangled fad from the East. The fact that you can neither multiply nor divide in Roman Numerals did not even register with them.

New and improved pencils add to our capabilities.
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Johnny Lilburne, 24 Sep 2009 @ 7:06am

Not only was Plato wrong
He also hosts pirate mixtapes of Lily Allen on his web site.
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Anonymous Coward, 24 Sep 2009 @ 7:41am

Some nice satire relating to this topic is in this video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ [english subtitles]
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Mark Bauerlein, 24 Sep 2009 @ 9:45am

How easy it is to pass off skepticism about digital advents with labels "moral panic" and the like. How about considering some of the evidence that skeptics bring forward such as trends in reading and writing test scores, remediation enrollments in college, money businesses spend on in-house writing training, leisure time use trends, etc.?
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lol, 14 Oct 2009 @ 10:55am

duh
THIS IS GAY
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