DailyDirt: Harnessing Fusion Energy

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

Mon, Feb 17th 2014 5:00pm — Michael Ho

We've brought up fusion energy here before, pointing out some incremental progress and the long road ahead before fusion energy is really a viable alternative to existing commercial energy sources. Solar power seems to be the closest thing we have to harnessing fusion right now, but we shouldn't give up all hope for a Mr. Fusion generator just yet. Here are just a few more links on harnessing fusion energy.

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has made another baby step towards creating a controlled fusion reactor. The pellet of fuel zapped by NIF's lasers has, for the first time, produced more energy than it used. However, the NIF is still really, really, really far from actually generating any useful energy because this break-even point doesn't account for any mechanisms that would capture the excess energy (or the long list of energy losses along the way). [url]
The Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System focuses 300,000 mirrors to turn water into steam. This facility should be able to power about 140,000 Californian homes, and it only occupies 5 square miles of land on the California-Nevada border. [url]
Japanese construction firm Shimizu Corp has an ambitious plan to build an enormous array of solar panels around the moon's equator. This Luna Ring project would be able to collect solar power all the time and send it back to Earth... sometime in the next 20 years or so. [url]

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Filed Under: california, energy, fusion, luna ring, solar power
Companies: shimizu corp

21 Comments

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zip, 17 Feb 2014 @ 5:26pm

It's always nice to see at least a few of these alternate-energy schemes that aren't just vehicles to bilk gullible investors and hopeful taxpayers.
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Anonymous Coward, 17 Feb 2014 @ 5:57pm

The solar energy system that uses sunlight to turn water into steam using mirrors, seems rather innovative and ingenious!
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Paraquat, 17 Feb 2014 @ 6:22pm

fusion gets good but undeserved PR
I've been a spectator of this fission vs fusion debate for a few decades now. I really don't understand why the public - including some so-called "greens" - seem to get a warm fuzzy feeling about fusion, but go rabid whenever fission is mentioned. No one has yet been able to demonstrate that controlled fusion is a feasible means to produce electricity - the technical hurdles are enormous, and the recent "progress" is only a trivial improvement over what was done decades ago.

No one has yet been able to generate a single watt of electricity from fusion. Even if it eventually proves feasible to generate electric power this way, there is no reason to believe the techno-optimist assumptions of "unlimited" power from fusion. They are assuming that we can create a miniature-sized sun inside of a reactor - that is not the way fusion reactors work. In fact, they consume a huge amount of power to get the reaction going, which only lasts a fraction of a second. In other words, the EROEI (energy return on energy invested) for fusion reactors is extremely low, and in fact so far has been negative.

But for some reason, fusion gets good PR. Everybody who has seen "Back to the Future" dreams of owning a "Mr Fusion" powered car. Helloooo, it was just a movie.

Meanwhile, we refuse to build a 4th generation nuclear reactor, even though we've had the technology to do so since the early 1990s:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_fast_reactor

So fission gets reviled, we put our hopes on fusion which will probably never work, and in the meantime we burn coal. Oh, and now solar panels made from cadmium are the new rage because they're cheaper than silicon panels.

http://gigaom.com/2008/09/25/cadmium-the-dark-side-of-thin-film/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Cadmium_poisoning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itai-itai_disease
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- Duke Nukem, 17 Feb 2014 @ 7:37pm
  
  We should be continuing with nukes
  ...but we won't thanks to the silly Luddites that make up the environmental movement and overblown disasters like Fukushima Daiichi that the media love to focus on because 'if it bleeds, it leads'.
  
  We need to have a complete re-teaching of science in schools in North America and Europe, and we also need to kick out all of the emoprog environmental extremists that have infiltrated high schools and universities.
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  - Anonymous Coward, 18 Feb 2014 @ 5:27am
    
    Re: We should be continuing with nukes
    By all means, in this era of continued deregulation driven by profit seeking corporations at all costs coupled with the frothing at the mouth political idiots who would get rid of most all government agencies other than the military - let's go ahead and let them build the next disaster. It's awesome because we will all end up with superpowers and all the spandex we could ever dream of.
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    - RonKaminsky (profile), 19 Feb 2014 @ 12:07pm
      
      Re: Re: We should be continuing with nukes
      Ever thought of, say, backing up your statements with evidence, or learning some critical thinking skills (never mind science knowledge, which you also seem to woefully lack)? Myself, I'd say that nuclear regulation is about the only sector of government where public pressure manages to counterbalance the growing power of industry (with the result varying from country to country).
      
      I have to admit the "superpowers and spandex" was witty, tho.
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  - Anonymous Coward, 18 Feb 2014 @ 4:11pm
    
    Oh yeah, one other thing
    ...we need to secure a shitload of helium 3 first before we proceed with fusion, and we need to get it from the moon. But the West has no interest in doing so, unlike China who just might be getting back to the moon and doing so.
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    - nasch (profile), 18 Feb 2014 @ 5:16pm
      
      Re: Oh yeah, one other thing
      Oh yeah, one other thing
      ...we need to secure a shitload of helium 3 first before we proceed with fusion, and we need to get it from the moon.
      
      Fusion researchers disagree with you.
      
      https://www.iter.org/sci/fusionfuels
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- Lawrence D'Oliveiro, 17 Feb 2014 @ 10:47pm
  
  Re: fusion gets good but undeserved PR
  The improvements have been massive over the past 30 years. We have been getting energy out of the reactions for a long while now, and we keep getting closer and closer to the break-even point. The team behind this latest NIF result reckon that, since the energy output goes up exponentially with the pressure, they only need to double the pressure to move the net energy account into the black.
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- Urgelt (profile), 17 Feb 2014 @ 11:45pm
  
  Re: fusion gets good but undeserved PR
  So, your argument is 'they're all nukes, what's the big deal.'
  
  Fission produces large amounts of radioactive waste material with dangerously-long half-lives, and we have *no* plan in the works for making those waste products safe. Fission (as currently implemented) risks dangerous melt-downs. Fission plants are expensive relative to coal-fired electrical plants for the electricity we can harvest from them.
  
  Fusion, on the other hand, doesn't work. But if it did, it would produce short half-life waste products in small amounts and pose no risk of melt-downs. As to cost, well, fusion doesn't work. We can't set a cost for something that doesn't work.
  
  It's pointless to set up a false equivalency between fission and fusion merely because they're both nuclear.
  
  Incidentally, fusion *might* be closer than TechDirt imagines. Last year, Lockheed Martin announced they are working on a fusion concept; they plan to have a prototype reactor by 2017 and a commercial product by 2022. Sounds pie-in-the-sky to me, but if it works...
  
  Their concept calls for 100 MW reactors small enough to mount on a truck trailer, able to be mass-produced. They *think* they will be able to produce enough of them by 2045 to meet the base load power requirements of our entire civilization. No risk of melt-downs, minimal production of radioactive waste with only short half-lives. Cost? Nobody is talking about cost. Still, a 100 MW reactor that's trailer-mounted might turn out to be cheap compared to competing energy sources. Maybe.
  
  Unfortunately, Lockheed isn't sharing many details about their design. So... maybe it won't pan out. But if it does, it'll be a far sight better than fission plants. A far, far sight better.
  
  Either way: fusion is not fission. The two aren't equivalent, and if you can't grasp that, you're spouting nonsense.
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- nasch (profile), 18 Feb 2014 @ 8:39am
  
  Re: fusion gets good but undeserved PR
  I've never understood the reaction to fusion of "we shouldn't be pursuing fusion power because it doesn't work". Photovoltaics didn't work either until someone made them work. And the same with every other source of energy. I think the other commenter has pointed out one major reason why there's so much interest in fusion. The other is that if it can be powered by heavy water, we'll have an enormously abundant source of fuel.
  
  As for the solar plant, ignoring transmission problems 5,000 square miles could power all the households in the US? That's a square 70 miles on a side. I think we could spare that much of Nevada.
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Anonymous Coward, 18 Feb 2014 @ 9:04am

Really, Google?
Doing the math, they're claiming that enough convertible solar energy falls on an area of 150 square feet to meet the energy needs of the average 2000 square foot home. (Average new home size in the west according to US Census Bureau data is over 2000 sq. ft.). That would be just a small proportion the roof area of such a house. Really? That's interesting, because previous researchers have found that not enough falls on even the *entire* roof of the average house to meet it's energy needs. But if the claim is really true, then why not just put small systems directly on the house roofs and and avoid the distribution costs? I suspect it's because the claims may be exaggerated and not really true after all.
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- nasch (profile), 18 Feb 2014 @ 10:04am
  
  Re: Really, Google?
  I suspect it's because the claims may be exaggerated and not really true after all.
  
  That's possible, but it's also possible that the research you're talking about is averaging numbers over the entire US, while this solar plant is in a relatively southern location that gets bright sunlight almost all day every day all year round. There could be other differences, such as comparing fixed photovoltaics on mostly not optimally angled roofs (many of which have surfaces that don't get much sun) to this completely different system. It's not photovoltaic at all, and the mirrors are continually adjusted to maximize the amount of energy captured. It's clearly not an apples to apples comparison with putting solar panels on houses.
  
  I remember reading an estimate from long ago that converting something like 10,000 square miles of Nevada desert into a solar power station could power the US. Presumably solar technology has improved since then.
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- John Fenderson (profile), 18 Feb 2014 @ 10:41am
  
  Re: Really, Google?
  "they're claiming that enough convertible solar energy falls on an area of 150 square feet to meet the energy needs of the average 2000 square foot home."
  
  This is roughly true, assuming that you can convert something near 100% of the energy in the sunlight to usable energy. With current technology, however, you can't.
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  - Anonymous Coward, 18 Feb 2014 @ 5:18pm
    
    Re: Re: Really, Google?
    And the laws of thermodynamics say that you never will either.
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    - Lawrence D'Oliveiro, 18 Feb 2014 @ 6:34pm
      
      Re: And the laws of thermodynamics say that you never will either.
      In all-but-the-warmest climes, much of your energy consumption goes on heating.
      
      And guess what? The laws of thermodynamics say that heaters can indeed be 100% efficient.
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      - nasch (profile), 18 Feb 2014 @ 8:26pm
        
        Re: Re: And the laws of thermodynamics say that you never will either.
        The laws of thermodynamics say that heaters can indeed be 100% efficient.
        
        And air conditioners can be more than 100% efficient (as in cooling the space by more BTUs than they consume).
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Jason Dobson, 18 Feb 2014 @ 9:55am

radioactive waste
there are other alternate fusion schemes based on neutron-free reactions that produce virtually no radioactive waste. http://www.crossfirefusion.com/reactor
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AlainCo (profile), 18 Feb 2014 @ 10:26am

People moan on rat or cat, and the elephant is in the kitchen
The recent claims of victory by hot fusionist is really facsination when like me you followed the LENR skepticism that is the consensus... would you apply thet skepticism to hot fusion, it would be interpreted asthe biggest fraud upon earth.

Today LENR is getting industrial,
http://www.lenrnews.eu/lenr-summary-for-policy-makers/
supported by NASA (see Doug Wells seedling project at NARI, SUGAR report), by the Swedish EPRI/DoE (Elforsk), by venture capitalist (Cherokee fund, Sunrise securities), by Italian DoE (ENEA), funded by DoD/Darpa visibly trying to help Brillouin and US LENR industry.

The result of Elforst funded test, is not about 1% excess heat after 100x loss of power in laser, but 500% anomalous heat from grid to heat.

One day people will have to ask the consensus supporter why they fooled us. Is it related to the many billions wasted each year in fusion? not even sure. It is more probably a question of ego, and some lesser funding, peer-review, impact... a tragedy of groupthink, as Roland Benabou describe in his best articles on Mutual Assured Delusion.
Classic if you follow Kuhn, and Taleb.

good readings ;-)
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Anonymous Coward, 18 Feb 2014 @ 12:11pm

>This Luna Ring project would be able to collect solar power all the time and send it back to Earth
Or vaporize an entire continent. I can alredy see the US and Israel building this then threaten everyone (mainly Europe) with it.
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Anonymous Coward, 18 Feb 2014 @ 5:25pm

Mojave Desert Solar Farm Frying Birds
"World's largest solar farm in Mojave Desert frying birds which fly over."
http://www.catholic.org/green/story.php?id=54264
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