Authors Guild Asks For $750 For Every Book Google Scans; While Google Points Out That There's No Evidence Of Any Harm
from the fair-use-fight dept
As the Authors Guild and Google fight for summary judgment in the case over the legality of its book scanning, the authors have asked for $750 per book. As I write this, their actual filing is not available yet, though I imagine it will be soon and I'll add it here. On the face of it, $750 per book is insanity. I doubt anyone at all thinks that $750 per book scanned is a "reasonable" number. However, in some ways, the Authors Guild is probably thinking that it's being generous in suggesting such a deal. After all, $750 is the minimum statutory damage amount for infringement. Thus, it can rationalize this as saying it's actually asking for the minimum under the law, when it could seek as much as $150,000 per work.But, really, all this is doing is highlighting the insanity of statutory damages in copyright law, which have no connection to reality. Even at this "low end" of the scale, the amounts would clearly make it cost prohibitive for Google to scan any more books, and that would be a shame.
In fact, on its side of the legal fight, Google is arguing that the authors have completely failed to prove any harm, while making the argument that the scanning project is fair use. Basically, Google points out that it's creating an index of everything in the books, not acting as a substitute for the books. Thus, the purpose serves to make useful information more widely available (which likely can increase the demand for the books, by helping users find new books). Not surprisingly, I find the arguments in favor of fair use compelling (and have been saying so for many years -- so much so that I was disappointed when Google first tried to settle this case, rather than standing behind its fair use claims).
While, in the end, it's likely that the case will depend on the fair use ruling, it should also be seen as a case that highlights the insanity of statutory licenses in copyright law. There is no doubt that Google's book search is a useful tool that helps expand access to knowledge. The idea that such a thing could only be created with an additional $750 per book scanned being sent back to the copyright holder, seems ridiculous -- but it's a factor of a broken copyright system that has such out of touch and out of proportion statutory damages.
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Filed Under: book scanning, copyright, harm, statutory damages
Companies: authors guild, google
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To the copyright holder or to their useless trade organization?
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As always, when it comes to these sorts of things, Google is being somewhat disingenuous about their intentions. Google's goal on everything they do is to increase traffic to their branded sites, while driving people to see more ads. This is even if the product itself is free of advertising, they are trying to drive people to their work.
Moreover, Google is also famous for "getting in the middle" of things. Google isn't working to index the content of the books for fun, they are doing it to be the look up central for these things - and then, very likely, either driving people to buy the book, or more likely to drive the people to download the scanned copy. After all, if the scanned copy is fair use to display online, why would it not be fair use to let people download the full scan?
Google's goals here just don't appear to be anywhere near as noble as you think they are.
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GASP!!! How dare Google.
"After all, if the scanned copy is fair use to display online, why would it not be fair use to let people download the full scan?"
Are you serious with this?
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I doubt that Mike has any illusions that Google is a commercial organisation that is ultimately concerned to make money. However they have usually taken the sensible route of providing things people actually want - as opposed to the typical IP middleman who is simply trying to extract as much "tribute" out of every transaction as he possibly can.
You should also have no illusions about the authors' guild. They would not react any differently to Google if it was a crowdfunded charity that aimed ultimately to give all its output away for free. Their attitude to the Hathi Press proves this point.
or more likely to drive the people to download the scanned copy. After all, if the scanned copy is fair use to display online, why would it not be fair use to let people download the full scan?
Obviously not under present law - and you are an idiot to even suggest such a thing. If people did download "in copyright" works from Google then it is inevitable that the copyright holder would get a royalty payment and be better off than if Google had never scanned the work.
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Considering search is part of Google's core business, I don't see why indexing physical works is any different than indexing digital works.
either driving people to buy the book
Are you serious in implying that acting as a free advertising tool for books is a negative?
or more likely to drive the people to download the scanned copy. After all, if the scanned copy is fair use to display online, why would it not be fair use to let people download the full scan?
Google is not arguing that letting people download a full copy of the book is fair use. They are arguing that indexing a book and pointing people to digital text from the book is fair use.
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Oh Noes, Google is trying to make money while providing a useful service, those bastards! Seriously though, I didn't realize they were trying to hide the fact that everything they do is of some benefit to them, whether directly or indirectly. This gets people to view part of the book, which is fair use, whereas downloading the full scan would obviously not be fair use and no one, other than you is even trying to say that. Google will however let you buy the book, which in case you were wondering, is a good thing
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Yes, they are famous for the way their entire business model operates, and the fact they they've been largely (if not consistently) successful at expanding it into new areas. This is not a secret, nor is it a problem.
Unless you think that Google taking ad revenue in order to pay for the service that they're providing is some kind of global conspiracy (which many of you people do), I fail to see what the issue is. Unless, of course, it's just whining about loss of perceived control again, win which case you're several decades behind reality.
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that makes no sense. It's not $750 each time the book is accessed by an individual.
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No, that's what IP extremists and govt. established monopolists (ie: big media cartels that benefit from govt. established broadcasting and cableco monopolies) and middlemen (the RIAA/MPAA) are famous for.
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pivot case
Setting aside the fair use argument for a moment, the Google Books project has to be the single largest instance of copyright infringement in history. Simply put, it's a game changer.
It's pivot cases like these that have the capacity to change the law so as to bring it into line with current social propositions and norms. I don't think that anyone would argue (other than the plaintiffs) that what Google has done by digitizing and rendering searchable this catalog is "morally wrong". It is legally wrong (again, setting aside the possibility of fair use), but it isn't morally wrong. In fact, I think that the cataloging and making available of so much culture can only be seen as a good thing-again, independent of the contravention of the law.
If we, as a society don't see anything inherently wrong with what Google has done, then we should lobby for a change in the underlying law.
Let's remember that they aren't offering the entire book for works that are still in print and haven't entered the public domain. In many cases they link to places where the book may be purchased.
I don't think it'll happen, but this case should fundamentally change the way Americans view "massive copyright infringement". Is it really that bad...for anyone?
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scanning
The critical piece of logic here is that Fair Use depends on what you do with the information you've copied from someone else's work. Scanning and indexing copyrighted text (e.g., web pages) has clear precedent for being declared Fair Use. I think we can all agree that Google would violate copyright law if it made large sections of scanned text available or put it up for sale. But it should be completely legal for Google (or anyone...) to reap advertising revenue while you use its search machine or to earn commissions for referring customers to purchase the books through any site selling them, even including sites selling items related to the books (e.g., audio books, movies, posters, dolls, lunchboxes, etc.).
Go for it, Google, and be damn sure to take this all the way through the courts to get the obvious decision declared.
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Oh right, you're going by the Mike in your head instead of the one posting here.
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Re: scanning
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They have paid for their copy of the book. Your attitude just demonstrates the kind of warped "dog in a manger" greedy thinking that infects you when you become obsessed with rights ownership. For your own sake - let it go.
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Re: pivot case
It's what you do with it that can be declared legal or infringing.
If the Guild wants to sue Google for "copying", they haven't a leg to stand on. They need to show that the actions Google is taking with the copied data constitutes infringement, and indexing/searching prettly clearly is not infringement.
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Of course, you're probably going by the insanely flawed "a download is a lost sale" logic and the "money I haven't even earned yet is mine" logic. In which case you'd still be wrong.
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Seriously
And if not then Google can just admit defeat and close down totally.
I am not saying the authors of any books must not get compensation if there are any sales but just to fine them for scanning is crazy.
Google has a lot of power these days , they can virtually bring the country to a standstill if they so desired, and yes they could be sued or fined or whatever but that would be on hold as the country ground to a halt.
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And of course, Google has no costs. They don't have to pay for the book. They don't have to pay for servers. They don't have to pay for bandwidth. Must be nice to be google to have no costs.
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Re: pivot case
Well, in some sense, it is. At least it's a one-stop-shop showcase of rampant Copyfraud. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyfraud Thousands of books in the public domain which are marked as "copyrighted" by rogue Publishers like Pearson, Elsevier, Hachette, McGraw-Hill, Random House etc.
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Author will see no benefit from this.
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The closest you can get to that is wildly wide of the mark: google is not allowing people to download the scanned books, has done nothing to indicate they intend to do so, and has never even hinted that they think doing so would qualify as "fair use" -- and everyone would agree that it wouldn't.
You do, however, acknowledge that Google doing this provides a benefit to authors.
So what's your objection?
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Rights holders & government accountable of cultural preservation
Those national public office should be made responsible and accountable of preserving these work for the future of humanity and ensure perpetual access to it.
That would prevent the loss of human patrimony, and the legally risky and prevent the waste of energy of millions of people taking on themselves to do the digitizing, archiving and sharing of works at zero cost for the said rightsholders.
Let's reinvent the national library and extend it to all intellectual works. How revolutionary...
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Idea
Wouldn't it be more common sense if Google was ordered to pay $750 (or a more reasonable amount) to any author whose books it scanned and who feels that their rights have been infringed?
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Re: Re: pivot case
Copying DVDs is legal as well. Breaking CSS is not, because of the DMCA, but copying is.
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Re: pivot case
Please explain this -- you seem to be arguing that if you ignore the aspect of the law that makes this use legal, then this use is illegal.
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We can see direct benefit for Google (more content that they control, indexed by them and given preferential treatment in search results) - thus driving page views and income.
For the content owner, we see, well - widespread free access, free copies, and a digital version that can easily be shared and distributed without any apparent cost or comeback to the content owner / author
I can find the benefit to Google. The benefits to the creators is less obvious - and completely unproven.
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Where do we see Google doing this?
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It saves the digitizing cost
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Who's job is it to sell content
It seems to me that both have a common interest here. Google is offering a service to publishers by making their books more relevant. I believe the publishers have the right to determine if their content is published in the index. But neither is Google obliged to index these books.
The logic around the "theft" argument makes no sense here.
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the value of books
Naturally they stopped talking about this once the newspaper publishers noticed this and started asking for their share of the $100m.
http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2008/07/22/whats-google-news-worth-100-million/
It must be nice to make $100m without paying for any research, any health care, any editing, or any of the costs that drive newspapers into bankruptcy.
I'm guessing they were counting on the cash windfall when they started indexing the books.
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Google's ace card
Then watch as the authors start going after each other instead...
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big mistake on Google's part
But that's the kind of arrogance that you see at Big Search where the billionaires could care less about the authors.
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But Big Search is good and pays for all of this astroturfing. Big Content is bad. Get it straight.
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Re: the value of books
Yet when Google removed the newspaper excerpts and links from their service, the newspapers screamed bloody murder.
That proves exactly that the worth was in the service that Google built, not the content the newspapers wrote.
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Re: the value of books
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Re: big mistake on Google's part
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Well if Google wants to pay by the page....
The amazing thing is that the author's guild hasn't latched onto the fact that Google has a complete record of how many pages it circulated. Their log files show how many pages of which books were "shared".
I think the Author's Guild should give Google the choice of paying, say, 10 cents a page. I'm sure that many people read more than 7500 pages from some books.
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Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
Fair use is intended to help people create new works that build upon others, not just profit without contributing anything. Did Google add any commentary? Did Google add any new insights? Did Google add anything extra that contributed to the world's knowledge?
No. They were just into to make big bucks. It's all about the billions for them.
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Oh right, you're just making shit up. Moving along.
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Re: Re: the value of books
In any case, they should ask permission and work with the content creator not to drive them into the ground. Google ruined the web by keeping all the money and driving the content creators into either bankruptcy or the clutches of the paywall.
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Re: the value of books
I benefit from the service by being able to search different news sites for stories.
Google absolutely has earned what it makes doing this.
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If we want to have a working information ecology where authors continue to invest in new books and new knowledge, we have to reward the hardest workers. We can't let the leeches take all of the money.
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If Google asked first, they would have no trouble. But they took first. It's the difference between rape and making love.
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Google, on the other hand, plans to store and serve that data at a cost to themselves.
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And before you whine freetard, I make content, I write software for a living, and yet I don't get paid for every login. Normal people have to make more hammers, cabinets and software.
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Re: Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
Google is making a HUGE contribution, and one that the authors and publishers are not doing. They are making a giant index of all the books it can. This giant index of books is a very useful service, not just for the public, but also for authors who's books would have gone unnoticed in a physical library search.
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Re: Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
Where was Google doing that?
It's already been asked for dozens of times in the comments here and no one has shown any evidence of it.
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Re: Re: Re: the value of books
If you could just instantly make a perfect copy of my car while leaving me the original I'd have no problem with you doing that.
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Re: Well if Google wants to pay by the page....
bob, how do you get by in life for being so stupid? The $750 is the minimum allowed under law for an instance of copyright infringement. There is no estimate in that number, just a "pick a big number out of a hat" method.
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Re: Re: Re: the value of books
Seriously? Why do you keep saying theft? You know, I know, the dog that is currently taking a dump outside my window knows (don't ask) that we have debunked the theft line you love. Plus great comparison there, with rape. I can actually see you saying that in court.
"But, but but Your Honour! Google....touched me...*sniff* in the danger ZONE!!!"
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Re: Re: Re: the value of books
Really? I went to a store yesterday. Guess what they had?
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Re: Re: Re: the value of books
Libraries don't need to ask permission to put a book into their collection, index it, and then lend it out. Lend the entire book out for free!
Why should Google need permission to scan a book, index it, put it in a searchable database, when they do not give out the copies? And they even point to where someone can buy the book!
Google isn't taking anything away from the authors or publishers. They are adding a tremendously useful service, giving it to the authors and publishers for free, and directing people to where they can buy the books.
Only in a seriously fucked up permission culture is this not considered a good thing.
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Re: big mistake on Google's part
As for "could care less about the authors", I'm pretty sure they could care less... by ignoring the works authors are creating.
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Re: Idea
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Re: Well if Google wants to pay by the page....
And how many 7,500 page books have you run across lately? As a bibliophile, I've never seen one. Closest was that one time I got a 4,000 page PDF and read it during my summer holidays from school about...bfffft....10 years ago?
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So, now we know
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As a content creator, that would be hell on earth. Imagine being a content creator mega star, waking up every morning and having to answer a trillion permission emails. It would act as a DIS-INCENTIVE to create art!
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Re: So, now we know
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Re: Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
Yes, they fucking did! By making this Big Index accessible to the world's population! It's not enough to write something great, you have to have it accessible to your audience.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
They're just that dense.
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Class action lawsuits do this kind of thing all of the time. When they talk about giving $x to the members of the class, there are no deductions from that number. The lawyers get a separate amount-- an amount that's often too big but that's a different debate.
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At the end of the day if Google does nothing nothing happens. That profit would not exist were it not for the underlying indexing- which, of course, the author's guild doesn't want to pay for. In fact not only do they not want to pay for it they want Google to pay them.
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When someone builds a hotel, they can rent out that room as long as the market will pay for it. The travellers don't come up and say, "Builders create the hotel once and then they're done. Once the hotel is finished, their labour is complete."
That's true with all forms of improved property. In all cases, no one would pay the huge upfront development costs if they weren't able to rent out the goods afterwards.
That's what the authors want. It's perfectly okay to expect to profit from an investment.
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Indexing isn't that great a contribution. There were search engines before and they didn't violate copyright to get more material to drive the others out of business.
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Re: Re: Re: the value of books
My world view....is ruined!
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When will you learn bob that conflating physical objects with digital objects JUST DOESN'T FUCKING WORK.
I can understand and support the buying of physical paper books, because they're scarce objects. Not so with something that once scanned, is digital.
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Obviously yes: indexed searching for the scanned books. That they added this feature which contributes to the world's knowledge for profit is absolutely irrelevant no matter how often you harp on it.
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If you don't like it, why don't you move to Somalia where they don't have a government at all. Then you can pirate away. How many movie theaters, book stores and other venues do they have?
Digital objects still take time to create. Don't pretend that copying is the only cost.
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The index, once everything is scanned, will be a constant economic drain for Google. They will have to store the data on servers, employ staff to look after those servers, pay electricity costs etc.
What is the author doing? They've already written the book and ARE NOT DOING ANYTHING ELSE. This is what I and others hate about copyright: you do the work once, then expect to sit on your ass and get paid for it over and over again.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
If they only asked the writers for permission, if they only treated them with respect, if they only went out of their way to obey the law.
Some contribution.
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Yup, that's why we can't let your silly little Authors Guild have a dime.
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Re: Re: Well if Google wants to pay by the page....
Well, I'm a bibliophile and I've read the Encyclopaedia Britannica backwards whilst juggling chainsaws on a quad bike driven by a trained chimp on acid. But that cost more than $750 dollars, so the authors owe me $1qrn.
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Yeah, because there were no authors, or science, or anyone spreading knowledge before The Great Gift of Copyright (a natural right, by the way) was codified in THE LAW (which is immutable and NEVER wrong) for all mankind.
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Ssssshhh, creator haters don't like to be called out for not wanting to create just be handed monopoly tax for something they did sometime or another. Ruins their 'special snowflake' image.
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Book stores: Finite amount of paper books.
Yep, they can totally be compared to infinite, non-scarce, non-physical objects.
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Re: Re: Re: the value of books
Newspapers existed and made money
The web started
Newspapers make less money
Therefore Google is infringing by indexing books.
Absolutely bullet-proof stuff there paywallpermisionculturebob...
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Re: Re: Re: Re: the value of books
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Re: Re: Re: Well if Google wants to pay by the page....
Again, where are these books that are 7,500 pages long?
That, or you're now arguing that Google should pay the authors every time someone searches this index.
Why? What work is the author doing that needs to be compensated?
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Even a citation from a credible source.
I'm not asking for much.
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> Scanning takes a few minutes.
What the fuck, more like a few minutes PER PAGE!
> Indexing takes seconds.
Aaahgeuayevtrpaegta, the scanning part results in unsearchable IMAGES, indexing implies translating those images into text. As you can tell computers SUCK pretty bad at it. Humans are costly. Yay for ReCaptcha.
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Re: big mistake on Google's part
Google did the same approach with the printed page. Just because content is originally on a printed page and not in digital form to begin with does not (should not) exclude it from the "fair use" of being indexed and cataloged.
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Indexing is way more useful than you're apparently capable of grasping, what else is new...
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What I'm arguing against is that the author writes the book once, that's it. They're done. Then Google comes along, offers to spend time and money to scan the book to build an index. What exactly does the author expect to be compensated for? You've done your work. Even if we could both agree on some sort of payment system, how would it work? How long should Google expect to pay? 5 years? 10? At what point is it moral and legal for Google to just keep the index of your book without having to pay you? Why is that point moral and legal? What makes it different from before?
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
See bob? Why you constantly fail, time after time?
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Fair use is legal, it's in the fucking law. Just explain how you can index a website, which is copyrighted, but doing the same thing to a book is illegal? Oh wait, you're one of those reality denying morons that actually thinks indexing websites is illegal even though the courts keep telling you you're wrong over and over and over again.
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Re: Re: Re: Well if Google wants to pay by the page....
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I really think the amount is key - it is, after all, one of the 4 factors used to legally determine fair use. In the case of an index, short excerpts can be used for answering "what book was it that had this phrase?" and not much else. Since the person probably didn't know what book they were even looking for, it won't hurt sales and would probably even help. But the longer the excerpts, the greater the chance that somebody could use it more for "I want to read the climax of this book" and could possibly replace buying the book.
And before you make the argument - I think that even if the entire book is indexed, that shouldn't count the same as providing a complete copy under the fair use factor. The excerpts should be considered seperately unless the user has some way of stringing them together. You could combine a dictionary and a list of names and probably see all the words used in a book, but it's the arrangement of the words which is important.
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Did you research this or let hysteria run away with you??
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https://www.eff.org/tags/google
No objective reading of that collection of links could lead one to think they're not tough on Google when Google does things that don't further free speech, privacy, innovation, and/or consumer rights.
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Re: big mistake on Google's part
Maybe and maybe not. The problem is that most of these authors are unreachable (often dead). Perhaps Google could have given copyright holders the option to not be included in the project.
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And in this one sentence, I've learned as much about bob as I need to know.
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Re: Re: Re: the value of books
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: big mistake on Google's part
When Google first started scanning books they started with those in the public domain. I too read more than a dozen books and hundreds of pages as well. All public domain works.
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Google
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: the value of books
Counterfeit journalism?
Have people no respect for anything anymore?
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"Say google that's a nice index you have there, it would be a shame if something bad happened to it"
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Not in step 1, because they never actually do it all to start with. They will digitize the books, make them searchable, but to start with will not make the entire book available.
Then someone will release a keyword list and bot that will allow you to search for various "parts" of a text, and collect the results to form up the full book.
Then Google will say, well, obviously the cat is out of the bag, so let's find a better way. Maybe an "online only" reader?
The process doesn't start and end at step 1.
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Nobody is saying otherwise. If Google sells your book, then you'll get paid just like if any other retailer sells your book.
I don't think google is in the bookselling business, though. What google will do is facilitate selling your book by letting people know about it and where to buy it.
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Once it's digitized and made available online, the whole thing will be rapidly available in some form or another.
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This doesn't address me question. You said that Google was providing free, widespread access to books. I asked where they were doing that. You replied that they might start doing it at some indeterminant point in the future -- meaning that the answer to my question is "they're not doing it."
In any case, you're just making stuff up here -- pure speculation based on nothing but unmitigated and unexplainable Google-hate.
It seems to me far more likely that Google would respond to your bot scenario in the same manner they've dealt with similar situations in other areas: by limiting access so that you can't do that without using a botnet, and blocking IPs that they catch trying.
And if they responded by making a google reader as you suggest, why do you imagine they'd blatantly violate copyright to do so? It's far more likely that they'd do it right: arrange publishing deals and pay appropriate royalties.
Why would you assume differently? Google has given exactly no cause to think they'd behave badly.
Really, Google's track record when it comes to respecting copyright is excellent. They bend over backwards and go way beyond legal requirements on this count. And yet, pure Google-hate makes some people blind to this. It's inexplicable.
And I'm not a fan of Google. If you want things to be mad at them about, I can give you plenty -- but this issue is not one of them.
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*GASP* Those photocopier manufacturers must be evil! And makers of paper and pencil must go, too, just to be safe.
My point is that you seem to be confusing things: you seem to think that Google is looking for a way to violate copyright out of some kind of malice toward authors, and imagine various ways that their tools can be abused to get a free book.
I'll grant you this much: there will be a way to abuse the tools, just like you can abuse any tool to the same effect. If Google behaves as they have behaved in the past, they will take all reasonable steps to prevent this and it will be a pain in the butt to pull off and the impact on authors will be insignificant -- just like how you can photocopy a book, but this isn't often done.
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This stuff is purely a product of his over-fertile imagination. Unfortunately he combines this with a penchant for verbosity and a lot of free time...
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Of course you might not understand this as you probaby only speak what your masters pay you to say and project your own behavior onto EFF.
I think I'll call you "astroturfing bob" from now on.
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Who ever heard of such a thing??
Where's yours????
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Neither's your assumption, yet you never question those, hmmm? Is there really any evidence that Google stand to make $750+ for each book they scan?
"We can see direct benefit for Google (more content that they control, indexed by them and given preferential treatment in search results) - thus driving page views and income."
Yes, but that is also based on their own work - the scanning, indexing, algorithms used to help people find what they're after, etc. The content is of course necessary, but it would be just as useless without Google's work as Google's work would be without the disputed content.
"For the content owner, we see, well - widespread free access, free copies, and a digital version that can easily be shared and distributed without any apparent cost or comeback to the content owner / author"
Not apparent because you choose to remain ignorant of the benefits and whine about the potential (not proven) negatives. Are you seriously trying to say that an author and publisher stand to gain nothing from their content being easily searched, indexed and archived? Think about it for a moment.
"I can find the benefit to Google. The benefits to the creators is less obvious - and completely unproven."
Only because you choose to be blind to the whole picture.
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Secondly, this whole notion of access to knowledge should be free... please ... every occupation in the world demands knowledge. Therefore, no one should work for money ever since they are charging for their knowledge. There is individual artistry and hard work to put a book of knowledge together just like any other job. The only difference is that books are easily stolen
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Re: Google's ace card
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Second the authors are not lab rats, they're only involved in this because they choose to make this an issue.
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