A New Issue For Bitcoin: Crypto Key Disclosure

from the not-so-secret dept

The debate is still raging whether Bitcoin is a brilliant idea that will revolutionize business and society, a high-tech money laundering scheme, or just a fad that will soon pass into history. But in a fascinating post, Jon Matonis points to a problem that doesn't really seem to have been considered before:

Key disclosure laws may become the most important government tool in asset seizures and the war on money laundering. When charged with a criminal offense, that refers to the ability of the government to demand that you surrender your private encryption keys that decrypt your data. If your data is currency such as access control to various amounts of bitcoin on the block chain, then you have surrendered your financial transaction history and potentially the value itself.
That's no mere theoretical issue in countries like Australia, South Africa and the UK that already have such key disclosure laws.

Matonis reviews the limited US case law here, and concludes:

To say the cryptocurrency bitcoin is disruptive would be an understatement. Bitcoin not only disrupts payments and monetary sovereignty, it also disrupts the legal enforcement of anti-money laundering laws, asset seizure, and capital controls. It is very likely that a key disclosure case will make it to the U.S. Supreme Court where it is far from certain that the Fifth Amendment privilege, as it relates to a refusal to decrypt bitcoin assets, will be universally upheld.
Perhaps that's something to bear in mind if you're currently using Bitcoin in the belief that they'll never be able to force you to reveal your assets and transaction history.

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Filed Under: anonymity, bitcoin, crypto key disclosure, privacy, security


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  1. identicon
    Rekrul, 25 Sep 2012 @ 12:27am

    In the US, it's illegal for a court to a order a suspect to be tortured to give up information, but throwing them in jail until they cough up whatever information the court wants is A-OK...

    link to this | view in thread ]

  2. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 1:16am

    The thing is the laws are already in place: If you fail to disclose income, you have broken the law and are liable. People may think that bitcoin is all safe, but any time in the next decade, the whole thing could be broken open and suddenly all these people who thought they were avoiding taxes will instead suffer huge penalties if the tax man decides to apply them.

    Bitcoin will only really be disruptive in the manner that it will all blow up.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  3. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 1:29am

    Just make them think you destroyed it unless you don't have a family that does not care. If you do it would be very easy to make a media circus about such a case.

    I mean really who in the fuck would hand over information that is going to help send them to prison? Why in the fuck would they even need a prosecutor if they're gonna force you to pretty much prosecute yourself.

    Depending on what they were hunting for I'd probably tell them to go suck a prick. Especially if I was laundering millions of dollars.

    Just like our shitty USD Bitcoins are only worth something because we say it is.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  4. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 4:45am

    Two keys: one that you "give up" under duress (and presumably tells the story you would like to tell), and the real key.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  5. identicon
    kagzaz, 25 Sep 2012 @ 5:34am

    Simply put there is not much they can do to force you into revealing anything you don't want too. Laws are only words on a piece of paper after all.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  6. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 6:19am

    Re:

    Somehow I don't think Washington DC fat cats are laundering money through bitcoins... or old mafia families for that matter.

    Which now that I think of it... is probably two reasons that this particular possible money laundering route will be busted open...

    Personally it looks like it's just for kids to buy their pot.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  7. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 6:25am

    Maybe not applicable?

    Bitcoin doesn't necessarily use encryption or decryption, and the type of public/private keys used aren't useful for encryption, so these key disclosure laws may not apply.

    The only cryptographic tools used as part of the Bitcoin protocol are private key signing, public key verification, and hashing. None of those constitute a key-reversible obfuscation of information, so presumably one's Bitcoin keys would not be subject to disclosure.

    Now, it is possible (and common) to use encryption to hide one's Bitcoin private keys, and that key would probably be fair game.

    So if you hide your private keys without using encryption, even if law enforcement is aware that you possess ECDSA private keys, they shouldn't be able to arrest you for not providing them.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  8. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 6:41am

    Re:

    They can toss you in the can until you decide to give them the information they want.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  9. icon
    Josh in CharlotteNC (profile), 25 Sep 2012 @ 6:44am

    Re:

    While that may work for a hard drive encryption scheme like TrueCrypt with hidden partitions and multiple keys, it doesn't apply to how encryption is handled with BitCoin. There are no alternate keys.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  10. icon
    DannyB (profile), 25 Sep 2012 @ 7:15am

    Re:

    Also note that some jails are worse than others. Perhaps this is deliberately so.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  11. icon
    The Mighty Buzzard (profile), 25 Sep 2012 @ 8:27am

    Re: Re:

    Erm... There are if you have two or more distinct wallets.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  12. identicon
    Rekrul, 25 Sep 2012 @ 8:39am

    Re:

    I mean really who in the fuck would hand over information that is going to help send them to prison?

    Because if you don't hand it over, you go to prison anyway, only it's for pissing off the judge... I mean, Contempt of Court. The judge can basically keep you there indefinitely.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  13. identicon
    Rekrul, 25 Sep 2012 @ 8:44am

    Make your password;

    Fuck you asshole!

    And then wait for them to ask what your password is. :)

    link to this | view in thread ]

  14. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 9:51am

    Re:

    Bitcoin might be more thought of as assets than income. Depends on how it's being used.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  15. identicon
    btr1701, 25 Sep 2012 @ 11:02am

    > Perhaps that's something to bear in mind
    > if you're currently using Bitcoin in the
    > belief that they'll never be able to force
    > you to reveal your assets and transaction
    > history.

    They still can't really force you to disclose it. There are any number of ways you could structure it so that you don't actually *know* the encryption key. You can't be forced to reveal something you don't know. Or that changes every X number of days, so that by the time you're in lockup, the key you know is no longer valid. Or the key is kept in some foreign jurisdiction by a foreign national not subject to US law.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  16. identicon
    btr1701, 25 Sep 2012 @ 11:04am

    Re:

    > The thing is the laws are already in place:
    > If you fail to disclose income, you have
    > broken the law and are liable.

    However, if the government is accusing you of that, it has to prove you haven't disclosed the income. With encryption, there's no way for them to do that. They may suspect it, but they can't actually prove anything.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  17. icon
    Josh in CharlotteNC (profile), 25 Sep 2012 @ 11:37am

    Re: Re: Re:

    If you have two distinct wallets, each has its own set of distinct bitcoins.

    Remember that the way Bitcoin works is that when you transfer a bitcoin, the person receiving it publishes that transaction to the public network, and it is verified by peers and recorded in the public transaction record. If it wasn't for this feature, then the currency would be useless as anyone could double-spend the same bitcoin.

    If you hand the FBI or IRS your clean wallet, they'll say 'thanks, but where's the other wallet that we tracked this bitcoin to?' It's basically the same as when they're asking about an off-shore account, you can't point them to your domestic checking account and think that will satisfy them.

    The only value in having two wallets is to avoid linking yourself to your illegal transactions by way of the legal ones. But if there's enough evidence linking you to an illegal transaction, then every transaction, legal or not, is able to be linked to whatever wallet that bitcoin belongs to - it just requires sufficient data mining of the public transaction register.

    This is why using Bitcoins to do something illegal is a pretty damned stupid thing to do. I think Bitcoin is truly disruptive in how it is a decentralized currency not controlled by a government or any other single point of failure. But Bitcoin is not the anonymous currency it is made out to be - it is much easier to trace transactions through the Bitcoin network than it is to trace cash.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  18. identicon
    Tom B, 25 Sep 2012 @ 1:11pm

    Last I checked

    Last I checked, the fifth amendment right to not self incriminate oneself was still a part of our countries make up.

    "We need you to turn over your encryption key". I'm sorry, I plead the fifth.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  19. icon
    Josh in CharlotteNC (profile), 25 Sep 2012 @ 2:01pm

    Re: Last I checked

    What if they need it to take the bitcoins away from you?

    I rob a bank. I take the money and convert it to bitcoins. Only I know the key to the wallet. As far as the bitcoin network is concerned, whoever has the wallet owns the bitcoins - there is nothing the government can do about that.

    They convict me of bank robbery, which they don't need me to reveal the key for, and send me to jail. But in order to recover the bitcoins, they still need the key. What if I don't give it to them?

    Can I serve out my term, move to some non-extradition country, then decrypt my wallet and redeem my bitcoins for cash and live like a prince?

    This is what the government is afraid of - or at least the people that actually understand how bitcoins work. Loss of control - they can't force the bitcoin network to reverse a transaction or freeze an account.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  20. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 25 Sep 2012 @ 5:03pm

    Sorry. I don't know it. It was on a remote server and when you seized my home pc and disconnected it you killed the connection so the key was erased. Id rather lose something than have it fall into evil (government) hands.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  21. identicon
    Bengie, 25 Sep 2012 @ 5:14pm

    Re:

    The government must first recognize BitCoin as an official currency before they can claim income via BitCoin is "income"

    link to this | view in thread ]

  22. icon
    teka (profile), 25 Sep 2012 @ 8:35pm

    Re:

    Is the defendant ready to surrender the encryption codes? No?

    Once again the court finds you in Contempt. 2 weeks detention in the violent&sexually aggressive wing of the county jail. We will pick this up in two weeks.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  23. identicon
    Rekrul, 25 Sep 2012 @ 8:44pm

    Re: Re: Last I checked

    This is what the government is afraid of - or at least the people that actually understand how bitcoins work. Loss of control - they can't force the bitcoin network to reverse a transaction or freeze an account.

    More like they're afraid that they will no longer be able to seize and confiscate money with no proof of wrong-doing, like they did to Megaupload.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  24. identicon
    fb39ca4, 26 Sep 2012 @ 6:11am

    That's why there are paper wallets.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  25. identicon
    btr1701, 26 Sep 2012 @ 9:24am

    Re: Re:

    > Is the defendant ready to surrender the
    > encryption codes? No?

    > Once again the court finds you in Contempt.
    > 2 weeks detention in the violent&sexually
    > aggressive wing of the county jail. We will
    > pick this up in two weeks.

    Don't be so simplistic. In order for a contempt order to be upheld, there has to be reasonable evidence that the defendant "has the keys to his own cell"-- in other words, there has to be evidence that the defendant actually *can* produce what the court wants.

    If the encryption keys are in a foreign jurisdiction under the control of someone else, the defendant can't produce them. If the encryption was set up in such a way that defendant never knew what the key was, the defendant can't produce it. If the defendant can't produce what the court wants, then a contempt order won't be sustained on appeal, no matter how frustrating it is to the government.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  26. identicon
    Dez, 13 Nov 2012 @ 3:35am

    bitcoin enthusiasts know

    Even the bitcoin enthusiasts know that these long strings of numbers aren’t worth anything. But I suspect that they are hyping it up so that the price of a bitcoin will rise and then they sell out before the coin crashes.

    And the idea that this is the currency of choice for underground drug trafficking on the internet is laughable. Was that is a Cracked article or something?

    link to this | view in thread ]


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