Copyright Extension Goes Into Effect In The UK: More Works Stolen From The Public Domain
from the they-don't-have-them dept
Even as there have been indications around the globe that perhaps we've had enough copyright term extension and it's time to move back in the other direction, over in the UK, they just put in place a big new copyright extension which increases the term from 50 years to 70 years for sound recordings and performers' rights. We had discussed the EU decision two years ago to seize the public domain by retroactively pulling works out of the public domain, and now it's officially gone into effect.While we've pointed out for years that when people claim that infringing works are "stolen," they're using the wrong word, since nothing is missing, that is not the case here. Here, things are absolutely missing. The entire purpose of copyright law is to provide the incentives to have the work created in the first place. As such, it's a deal, where the public grants the creators an exclusive right for a number of years, in return for getting the work (in a limited fashion) for a period of time and then having that work become public domain at the end. Retroactive copyright extension is a unilateral change in that deal -- directly taking the work away from the public domain without any recompense to the public the work has been stolen from. This makes absolutely no sense. Clearly, since the work was created, the incentive was good enough at the time of creation. Adding on more years that the public doesn't get it at the end does nothing to incentivize the work that was already created fifty years ago.
There is simply no reason to have done this, and to have taken these works out of the public domain. Scholars have pointed out that there is no legitimate reason to do this, no evidence that it does anything useful at all. Instead, there's plenty of evidence that the cost to the public is tremendous -- somewhere around a billion euros. The cost to culture in general is even worse, because the longer copyright terms are, the more works disappear entirely, and the more it harms the dissemination of knowledge. It's basically a disaster all the way around -- except for some old record labels that still have the copyrights.
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Filed Under: copyright, copyright extension, public domain, term extension, uk
Reader Comments
The First Word
“'Respect' for copyright, right...
Stuff like this is why the more people learn about copyright law, and it's history, the more they ignore it or hold it in contempt.Retroactive copyright term extensions? The entire premise of copyright is the creator has X number of years of exclusive use of the copyright, and then it passes to the public. That's the 'deal' as it were, between the public and the creators.
To then have the deal changed, after the fact and entirely in the favor of corporations(because the second copyright duration was extended past 'life of the creator', it became crystal clear and irrefutable that the law was being written for companies, not creators), means the 'deal' was broken, and the promise of 'the creator owns it now, but after a set amount of time passes ownership moves to the public' was shown to be nothing but a lie, and broken deals, and promises based on lies, are two things that most don't care for, and certainly don't respect.
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"Stolen"? They're not missing. You just have to pay.
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Flawed example, but still
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Flawed example, but still
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Also, I'd like to actually discuss the idea of "you have to pay". Why? Why is selling the infinite good like a scarce resource automatically the best AND the only way to monetise creative works? Why is it you just flat out refuse to even consider alternatives?
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Laws against gravity
Sure, you could place ventilators below every apple-tree in the world and sensors detecting apples being about to fall down (thus activating the ventilators below the apple). But the costs for this would be... mindblowing at best.
The web in general and the way we share information over it in particular are more akin to a natural phenomenon (like gravity) than to man-made procedures. Trying to regulate it "by decree" seems like a waste of taxpayers money to me.
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Does that mean
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You're missing half of the point of the public domain if you think that free access to the end product is the only right that's being removed from the public here.
Besides, it can certainly be argued that charging for services that were promised free of charge is a type of services theft and/or fraud. But it's OK if some corporations stand to make a profit, right?
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That is what the industry wants, reduced competition for eyes and ears so that they can sell more of the few works that they publish. They seem to think that free/public domain reduces their profits, whereas making works too expensive and with a limited range gets people out of the habit of reading or listening, except to the modern fall-back mindless television and musack.
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Media is not permanent. Even the most resilient formats degrade. Even if the media does not degrade directly, you will have things like the owner of a collection of LPs dying, and his children just throwing it all in the trash. The longer people are not allowed to copy, the greater the chance that there will not be anything left to copy from.
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Re: Does that mean
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'Respect' for copyright, right...
Retroactive copyright term extensions? The entire premise of copyright is the creator has X number of years of exclusive use of the copyright, and then it passes to the public. That's the 'deal' as it were, between the public and the creators.
To then have the deal changed, after the fact and entirely in the favor of corporations(because the second copyright duration was extended past 'life of the creator', it became crystal clear and irrefutable that the law was being written for companies, not creators), means the 'deal' was broken, and the promise of 'the creator owns it now, but after a set amount of time passes ownership moves to the public' was shown to be nothing but a lie, and broken deals, and promises based on lies, are two things that most don't care for, and certainly don't respect.
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We should make artists have to pay tens of thousands of dollars so they could keep their body of work, that is how much it costs for the average dude on the streets to keep any large collection of anything these days.
Paying is good right, so copyright owners should have to pay it too is only fair that they gain privileges only after having paid for it.
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We have altered the deal...
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An Idea I had
Companies would still argue for maximizing copyright, but many would simultaneously argue that the enormous economic benefits of more limited copyright deserves a larger tax incentive. It would be a lot harder for copyright maximalists to set the terms of the debate.
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Really?
I have to pay even though I do not want whatever you are selling? That seems a bit over the top.
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Re: Laws against gravity
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I mean you pay taxes on your house, your land, your car, your company and profits from it, if they want to say their copyrights are so insanely valuable that thousand, hundred-thousand or even million dollar fines in lawsuits should be considered reasonable for downloading a song/CD, then it would only make sense to tax them on what is, according to them, such extremely valuable property.
Government would love it, because it's always looking for more tax money, and it would be good in another way too, if they tried to decrease how much taxes they paid by saying the IP wasn't in fact as valuable as they'd been claiming, then obviously the statutory damages, and amount they could reasonably try and get from lawsuits over infringed copyrights, would also take a steep dive.
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Re: An Idea I had
Remember, copyright started in the US at a simple 14 years, then 14+14, then 28... history shows that even if the duration starts out sane, they'll always demand that it be increased.
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Nothing has actually changed!!!!
Seriously this i such a stupid thing to do, if the governemetn had any sense they would be cutting the copyright to a max of 5 years and encouraging the creation of new content. But then again there is so much new content, both video and music, created and shared freely with no copyright restrictions or very few restrictions it is just the old content that is being thrown away and that is just sad.
YouTube is the saviour of content creation, where there is content of such a high quality the legacy players are lost and just do not know what to do to compete. When a girl of 17 sitting in her bedroom can create on her laptop a song better than anything in the charts the legacy players are dead, when video sites that people pay a very small subscription to create movies and tv series's and include that in an £8 streaming package the old legacy players are lost they have no way to compete and they are slowly sinking as more and more video and music sites are creating excellent content.
Youtube was the first great success but there are a myriad of sites now that have so much content i dont ever have to turn my tv on to watch broadcast media, i can browse so many sites and watch so many shows it is unbelievable.
This extension of copyright is a farce, it will be ignored by everyone but those that support it.
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You pirates aren't paying and won't pay!
Most likely, none of you ever heard of or wanted these hoary old works before told that you can't have them.
3rd point: ever notice that copyright "law" keeps going more limiting and draconian? Your current notions simply aren't working in practice. That's cause to re-examine at least your tactics and what passes for your philosopy. -- I'm pretty sure it's your thefts of current content which drives the trend: telling productive industries that you're free to take their products without paying just causes angry reaction.
4th: NO, I don't approve of this retroactive change. But even less do I approve of stealing current content, and that's your real goal.
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On the other hand the effects of gravity are not theory you can observe those and as the first post was about the very real effects of gravity not the theories behind it of how it works, I must conclude that this was a tongue in the cheek response, target at funny not serious.
Vox Populi:
You got trolled.
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Re: Nothing has actually changed!!!!
BUT this is to point out that your idealism of small content makers doesn't at all take into account that overwhelming numbers of people still pretty much only want the big expensive productions that only Hollywood makes*, and that's where the main money is. I don't see that changing, so neither will the basic situation in which masses of dolts await the next cartoon to mega-movie, or Star Wars 7, or whatever.
[ * Note to some AC: this is a fact even though it's still true that no one ever goes to a movie theater and explicitly demands a $100 million movie. It just costs lots to make explosions and have "stars" in big splashy crap.]
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Re: You pirates aren't paying and won't pay!
- Go legal. Works get retroactively added to public domain. Get screwed over.
- Pirate. Not affected by changes at all.
Why would I want to go legal? What advantages have I gained from going legal? A headpat from the RIAA, and a "fuck you, that's why"?
out_of_the_blue just hates it when due process is enforced.
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Who says creativity is dead? Now, if you can just step out of the fiction section and move into the real world...
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"Intelligent Falling", very funny stuff.
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Re: Re: Nothing has actually changed!!!!
Full of crap, as ever. Some of the most profitable movies of all time cost far, far less that the figure you fantasise about being necessary. Not to mention that many "blockbusters" fail miserably despite containing the expensive elements you claim are needed.
But hey, why deal with reality? That's your motto, right?
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Re: You pirates aren't paying and won't pay!
Except that's not true, 'pirates' weren't breaking the law before, but what the retroactive extension does is turn legal use into illegal, creating pirates from previously honest, law abiding people.
Most likely, none of you ever heard of or wanted these hoary old works before told that you can't have them.
1) How 'good' a work is is not a valid determination of how it should be treated by the law. Just as 'valuable' or 'good' works don't get preferential treatment, 'worthless' or 'bad' works don't get treated worse(and a good thing for hollywood too, otherwise a large number of their films would already be in the public domain, given so many of them are apparently 'bad' enough to never make a profit).
A work can even be considered terrible, but still have historical value of some sort, and with extensions like this a great many works will disappear entirely, as they get pulled from the public domain, and then languish, as the copyright holder(assuming one can be found), doesn't consider them 'valuable' enough to preserve, and when, or if the works enter the public domain again, it's likely to be only due to the actions of pirates that enough of them will still exist to save them at all.
2) If the works are really that inconsequential, then why the extension? Obviously the affected works are considered important, otherwise the duration would have remained as it was.
ever notice that copyright "law" keeps going more limiting and draconian? Your current notions simply aren't working in practice. That's cause to re-examine at least your tactics and what passes for your philosopy.
The irony here is all but blinding, as your statement would be much better aimed at the copyright maximalists. Increasingly harsh copyright infringement penalties have been proven to be useless, and in fact just drive people to lose any respect they might have had for the law, as they see how insane it's gotten.
When people see that the law treats downloading a CD's worth of songs as even more financially damaging than grand theft auto, or any other actual theft where the owner is deprived of their property, they don't nod and agree that copyright is indeed fair and reasonable, they realize just how insane it is, and lose any respect they might have had for it.
I'm pretty sure it's your thefts of current content which drives the trend: telling productive industries that you're free to take their products without paying just causes angry reaction.
Your 'pro-corporation' bias is showing again.
So stealing is only bad when non-companies do it? People were viewing, building off of, and making derivative works based upon what used to be free and in the public domain, and now they no longer can, with no compensation or payment for what was taken from them.
How is it you decry pirates 'stealing' things owned by companies, but see no problem when companies steal from the public? Well, unless you're using double standards anyway...
Those points aside, assume you're right, and that is the reason for the change in the laws, how is that anything less than an incredibly petty move, like something a kid would do?
'They're taking my stuff, so I'll take theirs in return, that'll show them!'
That's the logic of a child, and even worse, it will inevitably backfire horribly, as those that were obeying the law will suddenly find themselves being threatened for doing what was perfectly legal before, and while some may obey the changes, even more are likely to see the changes as ridiculous, and will quite likely now go out of their way to pirate what they wouldn't have before.
NO, I don't approve of this retroactive change.
Please, your entire comment consisted of nothing more than justifications, defenses and excuses for it, to now say that despite all that you don't agree with it is laughable.
But even less do I approve of stealing current content, and that's your real goal.
The retroactive duration extension had nothing to do with 'stealing current content', and everything to do with stealing older content from the public. Funny how you don't seem to mind that.
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Next time do a little more research before commenting.
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Re: Re: Nothing has actually changed!!!!
Do you pay any attention?
With each increase in price, a larger number of people stay away from the big expensive productions that only Hollywood makes and their distribution channels.
People may like it, but there is only so much they will pay for it before they find another way.
About the high salaries, well everything that goes up eventually has to come down my furry friend.
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If those works go out of print, then they absolutely are missing.
If some derivative work is not allowed by the copyright holder, then that work absolutely is missing.
If orchestras can't afford to perform that music now, their performances absolutely are missing.
Yes, it is "stealing." At least, closer to "stealing" than infringement is.
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Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
The average bacteria reproduces every 20 MINUTES. There, proven, verifiable, observable evolution.
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Yes, "steal" is being used here to make a general point, one that is not a definitive statement of law, but since every instance here of "steal" associated with infringement is jumped upon as fast a hungry flea on a passing dog, turnabout seems to be fair play.
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No worries
there jsut isnt anyhting id pay for on it. MOVIES well same crap...might be one a year and hten ya might as well pirate that too....it might suck and you wasted how much?
ya and slowly the funds for all this will dry up and people will just keep watching the old stuff for decades they already bought....and the industry wont get new influx...
its already starting to happen and ten more years its gonna collapse as there wont be the funds to pay the royalties cause they are not allowing new derivative art to be created.
ENJOY
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For that matter, why not just go ahead and extend copyright all the way back to the beginning of recorded history and completely deprive the public of any and all ownership rights? May as well go ahead and concede everything to the corporations because apparently their rights take precedence over the public's.
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Derivative works
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However, what we're dealing with here is a situation where something has been quantifiably removed. The ownership of the works has been changed. Culture has been taken from the people who it was promised to under the agrreement under which it was created. People who stood to profit or create with the material that's been removed can no longer do so. Works that were orphaned or deemed unprofitable by rightholders that stood to be able to be released legally are now removed from the market. "Stealing" might not be the most accurate description for this, but it's one hell of a lot more accurate than the previous example.
Perhaps if you tried listening to the arguments rather than waiting for a chance for "turnabout", you'd understand this better.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
Evolution as a theory has been proven by decades of research. Care to tell us exactly how using fossil records to support evolution is wrong? Go on. How is looking at the bones of dead members of a species over a long range of time, and cataloguing differences in members over time, somehow not indicative of evolution?
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Now, she is no longer at liberty to use it. She is now told to pay for it. If she continues to do so, she potentially faces a very costly legal battle.
Her ability to freely use culture without the threat of legal action has been taken from her. The usage of the word theft is used here correctly, in my opinion.
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Copyright is an artificial tool to deprive the public of inheriting creative works. Its lock & key mechanism is entirely artificial. People would respect copyright far more if it worked according to the original conditions set, but it has since been expanded to the point of absurdity.
First it was something like 28 years for published works, then it kept increasing and expanding in scope. Now it's 50, 70, 100 years + option for renewal for another 50 or something. It's such a mess that I've lost track.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
I've looked at the evidence and it does not support UCD.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
Evolution DOES NOT care at all where, how and why life first began. It only describes the changes in a species over time and why and how that occurs. The beginning of life HAS NOTHING TO DO with it, it does not come into play at all.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
which evolution explains is because the environment didn't change much for those species, thus there was no need or impetus for that species to evolve new traits in order to better survive.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
The fact is that a creationist came up with the idea of natural selection as a force for evolution (not universal common descent) before Darwin did. He wrote a book about it dated before Darwin. That's history. Darwin dishonestly stole the idea and gave no credit to the creationist. You can close your ears and deny this fact all day long but it will only make you look foolish which will make it more difficult for anyone to take you seriously.
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Re: Does that mean
The distinction is important because, by default, usually the record labels own the former, and the composers etc. own the latter.
This extension gives the record labels and extra 20 years of monopoly over their works against composers and authors, so even if the composers want to use the sound recordings in any way (such as publishing them themselves) they still need the labels' permission.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
Abiogenesis is essential in order for evolution to even get off the ground, because you must have a life-form which can reproduce, let alone increase in complexity (which, again, defeats all logic; everything naturally breaks down with time).
Funny how you lodge your little swipe at religion as being a fabrication yet when asked to demonstrate your own "scientific theory" you cannot do so.
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Gravity has not been observed. What you're thinking about is where apples fall from trees. The theory of gravity is a hell of a lot more complex (it's about space and time bending). Apples falling from trees is just a vary small part of the theory of gravity. But that's where most arguments fall apart. You want a simple answer where none can exist.
It's the same exact problem with copyright. Copyright seems to be a simple answer, the owner owns all of it. But the world is not simple enough for a simple answer. To fit with the real world we must have fair use and limited time frames. Even then we end up with infringement and abuses.
Simple answers are great, but only for simple problems.
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Make people see just how insane copyright law has gotten, make it so it's impossible for them not to be affected by it, and then you'd have a real push to deal with it, whereas currently most people don't even think about it, and automatically assume that you'd have to go out of your way to break copyright law(if nothing else the life+70 years duration would probably blow most away).
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Darwin was well aware of Blyth and his works.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Blyth
Unless he completely had his head in the sand which, as a (proclaimed) expert in the field, is very very unlikely. Even Eiseley, who is not a creationist, acknowledged that Darwin stole the idea and gave credit to others but not Blyth (at least not directly), the originator of the idea. Darwin was well awarey of Blyth as was any expert in the field at the time.
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God could have waved his hands and animals just sprang into existence, but that wouldn't affect how and why there are observed differences in traits between members of a species according to the fossil record.
As for my swipe at religion...that's how religions work. They make a bunch of claims, but tell you that none of it can be tested or verified, you have to take it on faith...just because. Thus, to me, they are the exact same thing as a fairy tail: a fabricated story made up out of thin air.
Yes, I know evolution isn't aware. I meant that the theory of evolution has nothing to do with abiogenesis in the same way that the theory of gravity has nothing to do with and doesn't really on tectonic plate theory.
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But we do own works in the public domain. That is because we own our own property (our copies), and our own labor (to create copies, performances, or derivative works). We also "own" our own speech and our own participation in culture.
These are the things that copyright removes from the public, and grants to copyright holders exclusively.
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Rivalrous stuff can absolutely be stolen. Non-rivalrous stuff is what can't be stolen.
But here we're not talking about the content, but the singular concept of the public domain itself. This is the major difference. When you maximalists claim infringement is "theft" you say things like "he stole that song." We're not saying that the content was stolen here, because it's not. It's the public domain itself that was stolen, in that the public had a clearly granted RIGHT to make use of that content, and that RIGHT has been taken away.
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"Oh that TV you had? It's not stolen, you can have it back for a fee."
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"There can be no doubt of Darwin's regard for Edward Blyth: in the first chapter of On the Origin of Species he wrote "Mr. Blyth, whose opinion, from his large and varied stores of knowledge, I should value more than that of almost any one, ..."[12]"
Sounds to me then, that Darwin actually was aware of Blyth, read his works, was in contact with him at one point, and even gave credit to him in the opening chapter of his book!
So far all your evidence shows is that, at worst, Darwin built upon the research of an earlier scientist and was lauded for it (the link says that Darwin explained about natural selection, where Blyth taught elimination, a maintaining of perfection).
So try again. Show me some direct evidence of Darwin plagiarising his work, of lifting wholesale research done by others and not giving credit. So far, you have failed to do so.
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Religion does not require scientific proof in order to validate itself. It is a belief system predicated on faith. You cannot prove non-material things such as consciousness and emotions exist in a lab, yet they still exist regardless. Science is not the be-all, end-all explanation for all things.
And finally, yes, evolution absolutely requires abiogenesis in order for it to work, otherwise the entire theory is aimless.
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Obvious derail is obvious
This thread should be about copyright and other forms of intellectual monopoly, not about evolution or religion.
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I stand corrected.
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BTW, Eldred v. Ashcroft is instructive, even though what is being talked about here involves the UK.
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Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Laws against gravity
Remember, a scientific theory is as close to fact as science can get without being able to reproduce it on demand. We have the math, we have the evidence, we just can't show in a lab that time slows down in a gravity well.
Same with evolution, the math is there, the evidence is there, we just can't repeat it in a lab.
You're trying to take an easy to understand concept (things fall) and apply it to everything. But everything is far too complicated. You're looking for a simple, universal answer.
And that's where I tried to turn this conversation back on topic by pointing out that what is going on with copyright is the same way of thinking. Trying to take a simple, easy to understand concept and apply it to something far, far more complicated. It ain't going to work. (wasn't saying anything about you and copyright, just trying to turn back on track)
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For example, there is a book that I wanted to adapt into a stageplay. It was published in 1936. The author is dead. In order to write my play, I have to ask permission - from whom? After a long search, I finally tracked down the author's son. I asked permission to write my play. I was told that it depended on if he liked my play or not. It wasn't about money - I would have gladly paid for rights (within reason).
So in order to get permission, I had to do all the work of writing the play first, only to leave all my works to the whims of someone who isn't even the author. All this for a book written 77 years ago.
As a result, there is no play. Instead I'm adapting older, public domain work.
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WOW. Fanboys are against nothing so much as "on topic"!
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Re using "clearly granted right" in association with public domain misapprehends what is meant by the expiration of a copyright (yes, I agree, under current law the term before expiration is in my view much more than a bit excessive).
I am growing a bit weary of being called a "maximalist" about a body of law of which I do not recall having expressed a personal opinion as to its "goodness" or "badness", other than to say I much prefer the concept underlying the 1909 Act and its formalities. I agree that there are some for whom perpetuity, stronger affirmative rights, the weakening of fair use, etc. are is an ideal for which they strive. I am not one of them. Never have been and never will be.
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As long as music can still be released on physical media it is not, by default, an infinite resource.
For example, a band in my town just made a CD - they only made 300 copies.
It has 18 tracks. Their sound cloud page has 6 tracks on it, so 6 of their tracks are maybe "infinite", but 12 are very finite. (it is very unlikely that there will ever be a torrent of their cd).
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The actual terms are "evolution" and "speciation," respectively. And, if you understand how taxonomy works, the former always eventually leads to the latter.
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In what way? Why exactly can't a person believe that the world was created by an intelligence, but not also believe that organisms evolve over time?
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At least you're able to admit when you've been proven wrong...unlike other notable readers of Techdirt I could name.
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Re: WOW. Fanboys are against nothing so much as "on topic"!
No, you seldom read comments because it's your childish way of putting your fingers in your ears and saying "Nah Nah I can't hear you!" whenever anyone counters your silly arguments.
...so long as I stay on message, I make progress.
What progress? If you really think you are changing the minds of the intelligent people here with your repeated shouting of completely debunked statements you are seriously delusional.
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Note that even if abiogenises could be observed, proof of origin still could be not obtained. After all, with suitable initial conditions, the Universe could have started Yesterday.
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Quacks, waddles, swims, and repels water...
You're a duck!
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further, it is by no means a certainty that these works will be transferred/translated to a digital format under their 'enhanced' copyright; BUT, IF they were in the public domain, available to all, i bet dollars to donut holes that there would be a contingent of fans and/or nerds who would effect such a digitization themselves at some point...
now? no such luck...
art guerrilla
aka ann archy
eof
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Yea its amazing how one sided this all is. This is why no one respects the copyright monopoly. There's no "Deal" its a self written, self-granted thieving from creative people and from the public. Middle men are total parasites that do not deserve your money. Never forget it folks.
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The thought of applying a present law to the past should make anyone sick. You would not punish someone under a law coming into force today that, for example, banned gambling, for a bet he made a few years ago when gambling was legal.
Why on Earth do copyright advocates think they are the exception to this essential democratic principle? Do they not know how many artists were making a living, and preparing to make a living, from releasing derivative works of public domain content for commercial flourishing and meeting the rights of their audiences, too? Have they no shame?
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Re: You pirates aren't paying and won't pay!
That's kind of the *point*, silly boy. Law-abiding people aren't going to be able to get the lesser-known works (not enough market for the jackass company) and, even more critically, law-abiding people won't be able to use those works to create new ones (like we've done for... just about all of human history).
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The really silly thing is that it's not. (Infinity - 1) days is still uncountable, and is thus infinite.
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Actually, it *is* verifiable.
You make predictions based upon the theory, and then you look for new instances of the phenomenon under question and see if they match the predictions. That's generally what verification means - "do new observations fit existing models".
Let's take a study I myself am doing - I am having participants do two sets of variant actions; one is used for informing my models, and the other is reserved for testing their accuracy.
Models can be validated against an existing data set - and are all the time. The most common way is to split data points between a training set and a validation set.
I suppose you've not studied statistical or hard science methodology though, so I can't blame you for being ignorant.
> Don't conflate natural selection and random mutation, something creationists originally came up with, with universal common descent.
Considering we've been discovering fossil remains of those "common descent" predicted species for the past few decades... ummm...
(An easy watch on the topic is David Attenborough's "First Life" documentary; he discusses the origins of common features quite nicely).
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Actually, there's been some interesting work on the formation of environments that can generate amino acids - Miller's work in the 50s, which had some sealed samples examined a few years back, demonstrated the formation of a couple dozen different kinds of amino acids. And that's with a mixture of water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen.
And amino acids are the very basic building blocks of organic matter; they make proteins, which make up most parts of a cell.
Other work has demonstrated the ability of amino acids to form protobionts, which exhibit quite a few characteristics of primitive cells (such as asexual reproduction).
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Perhaps you should read the wikipedia article you offered up?
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You'd better hurry.
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Nothing is outside the digital realm. I think you're confusing the medium with the message.
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However, even were it dead in the water, the backlash would still serve to bring attention to the problems of the current system, as when people researched what the current duration and scope was, in order to defend it, they'd find out that 'everything for all time' was really just an extension of where copyright has been going this whole time.
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If after inheriting the mortgage free house the bank comes back and says "Oh wait we want to extend the mortgage another 20 years. You have to pay because we decided you did not pay enough interest into our coffers and therefore deprived us of raising our already insane bonuses. So shut up and pay up!"
Sounds like grifting to me which last I heard is illegal in most democratic countries... Or has the law been retroactively changed?
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... didn't I just mention some of the scientific research into the formation of an original life-form?
But you're incorrect on another level - abiogenesis and evolution are both distinct theories, and evolution does not require abiogenesis.
For example, let's conceive of God creating that first life-form and letting it go to reproduce and change. There you go, evolution without abiogenesis in a single sentence.
Evolution concerns itself with an existing population changing over time, including to the extent that the genetic codes cannot be recombined (ie, differing species). Anything else (fossil record, genetic profiles, etc) are observations used to validate or disprove the theory; the theory only applies once there is a living organism that can reproduce.
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Parameter/Probability that feature will fall in the required range for physical life
"Dependency factors estimate ≈ 10^39
longevity requirements estimate ≈ 10^13
Probability for occurrence of all 200 parameters ≈ 10^237
Maximum possible number of planets in universe ≈ 10^22
Thus, less than 1 chance in 10^215 (one hundred billion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion) exists that even one such planet would occur anywhere in the universe without invoking divine miracles."
See the full list of parameters for life to be possible here and full references for each one at http://www.reasons.org/articles/probabilities-for-life-on-earth-june-2002.
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Think of our universe as a line segment with both a finite beginning and a finite end. God exists outside of that line segment and touches every part of it and every moment of it at the same time. He isn't like us at all. Abiogenesis does not apply to him, because he has no beginning. He's always been, always is, and always will be. He is always in the present. Nothing made him because he never began. He always exists. He isn't a limited four-dimensional being like us at all. As I said before, he always IS.
All time, matter, space, and energy in our universe have a finite beginning in the big bang, a single point of origin for the universe's creation. Essentially, the big bang was an explosion, and like any explosion, what caused cannot have come from within it. A bomb or missile, for example, only explode when an outside factor causes them to (such as impact, chemical reaction, etc.). In the case of the big bang, the outside Factor had to have come from outside the universe in order for the universe to explode into existence. Unmistakably, this indicates that the universe was created, because of its origin and because of its continual expansion, which fits the behavior of an explosion. And a creation must have a Creator, because a creation cannot create itself.
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average_joe just hates it when due process is enforced.
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Not retroactive
From the IPO's web site on the extension (http://www.ipo.gov.uk/pro-types/pro-copy/c-policy/c-policy-copyterm.htm):
"The extension of the term of protection applies only to those sound recordings that were in copyright on 1 November 2013 and to any sound recordings made after that date. The Regulations do not have the effect of bringing back into copyright those sound recordings where copyright has expired."
In spite of what Mr. Masnick says, no works were "pulled out of the public domain." The law does have the effect of delaying when works may enter the public domain, which is unfortunate. And Mr. Masnick's argument that it makes no sense to retroactively change the copyright agreement makes sense. But the public domain is the same size today that it was prior to the passage of the law.
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Re: Not retroactive
Incorrect. the new rules are applying not just to new works, but to older works regardless of the rules in place at the time of their creation. That's retroactively applying the new rules, even if they don't reverse the status of any works currently in the public domain. By your own assertion, any work that should have been in the public domain on 2nd November 2013 is now not in the public domain because the new rules were retroactively applied.
"143 comments, and not one of them points out that Mr. Masnick is wrong in his post."
Probably because he's not. Works that were meant to be entering the public domain are now not entering the public domain. It's a matter of spin and semantics as to whether these were "pulled" from the public domain or not. You can say they were blocked, they were retained, the copyright was extended, whatever. But nothing you've said negates the fact that there are less works in the public domain today than there would have been had the law not been changed.
"But the public domain is the same size today that it was prior to the passage of the law."
...and that is exactly the problem. The public domain is smaller than it should have been today, under the rules in place when these works were created.
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Get over it, you jackass; you're not David Feiss.
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