Federal Court Finally Says That Gag Order On 11-Year-Old National Security Letter Should Be Lifted Already
from the big-win dept
Five years ago, we wrote about a pretty big victory against National Security Letters (NSLs), which the government has long used to get around the 4th Amendment, demanding information from companies, complete with a perpetual gag order. In 2007, an anonymous ISP owner fought back, speaking out against the whole gag order thing, but not even being able to say what ISP he was associated with, because of that gag order. In 2010, Nicholas Merrill, of Calyx Internet Access, was finally able to admit that he was the one fighting the gag order -- after reaching an agreement with the government (and that was after a number of trips back and forth between the district and appeals courts). Now, five years later, a federal court has finally ruled that the gag order, which was issued back in 2004, should be lifted, because the government has no "good reason" for keeping it in place and keeping the gag order would violate the First Amendment. You can read the redacted order here, which is an interesting read. Basically, a permanent gag order doesn't really fit with that whole First Amendment thing we have here in the US -- but the court prefers to focus on whether or not there's any reason to keep the order in place now.There's a lot of procedural history here (which explains why it took this long for a ruling, but...). It turns out that in 2014, Merrill and the DOJ reached a further "agreement" that allowed Merrill to talk more about the NSL, but said he could still not discuss an attachment that explained what kinds of records the government sought. This latest part of the lawsuit is about that last remaining part of the gag order. And the court is not impressed by it at all.
Here, the Government has not demonstrated a good reason to expect that public disclosure of the parts of the Attachment that remain confidential would risk one of these enumerated harms; nor has the Government provided the Court with some basis to assure itself that the link between disclosure and risk of harm is substantial. The Government's justifications might constitute "good" reasons if the information contained in the Attachment that is still redacted were not, at least in substance even if not in the precise form, already disclosed by government divisions and agencies, and thus known to the public. Here, publicly-available government documents provide substantially similar information as that set forth in the Attachment. For that reason, the Court is not persuaded that it matters that these other documents were not disclosed by the FBI itself rather than by other government agencies, and that they would hold significant weight for a potential target of a national security investigation in ascertaining whether the FBI would gather such information through an NSL. The documents referred to were prepared and published by various government divisions discussing the FBI' s authority to issue NSLs, the types of materials the FBI seeks, and how to draft NSL requests.In the end, the court says the gag order makes no sense.
<
Indeed, one of these documents is a publicly-available Department of Justice Office of Legal Education manual that provides a sample attachment that encapsulates much of the redacted-information in the Attachment here in dispute....
[....]
The Government contends that if the parts of the Attachment that remain secret are disclosed, potential targets could change their behavior to evade law enforcement. But those targets can already learn, based on publicly available infonnation, that the FBI could obtain such information through NSLs.
... the Court finds that the Government has not demonstrated a good reason to believe that potential targets of national security investigations will change their behavior to evade detection, or that disclosure of the Attachment in its entirety would create a substantial risk of one of the statutorily enumerated harms.And then there's the whole First Amendment thing. The court notes that if it accepted the DOJ's arguments, the First Amendment would have an issue with that:
If the Court were to find instead that the Government has met its burden of showing a good reason for nondisclosure here, could Merrill ever overcome such a showing? Under the Government's reasoning, the Court sees only two such hypothetical circumstances in which Merrill could prevail: a world in which no threat of terrorism exists, or a world in which the FBI, acting on its own accord and its own time, decides to disclose the contents of the Attachment. Such a result implicates serious issues, both with respect to the First Amendment and accountability of the government to the people. As Judge Cardamone warned in his concurrence in Doe v. Gonzales, "a ban on speech and a shroud of secrecy in perpetuity are antithetical to democratic concepts and do not fit comfortably with the fundamental rights guaranteed American citizens," and such unending secrecy could "serve as a cover for possible official misconduct and/or incompetence."But the court, unfortunately, refuses to take things one step further, in saying that the gag order itself violated his First Amendment rights. Instead, it focuses just one whether or not the government still has a "good reason" to keep the gag order in place. Saying that it no longer does, it says it has no need to address the more constitutional question of whether or not the gag order itself violated Merrill's rights.
Also, somewhat amusingly, because the court is ordering the DOJ to lift the gag order, but because it's technically still in place, you get some odd redactions in the ruling, where the government is pointing out why certain things should not be redacted... but they still are, likely because the gag order is still in place, even as the court has ordered it lifted. There are a lot of these kinds of examples, but here's a shorter one:
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Filed Under: doj, fbi, first amendment, free speech, gag order, national security letters, nicholas merrill, nsl, nsls, redactions
Companies: calyx
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In the meantime, it apparently makes for good TP.
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What are the chances of someone else under an NSL gag order coming out and saying everything in public now, and then winning the inevitable lawsuit the US gov will start against him? I'm guessing pretty high?
Also what does this mean for the next revision of the Patriot Act/USA Freedom Act? Does it mean lawmakers should further limit or even eliminate NSLs?
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we were not convinced in this particular case, but you can just keep right on shitting on the constitutions for the rest cause we are not reviewing those.
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Well, not by this court. It didn't go that far, saying it didn't need to make that call.
However, other courts *have* said they are unconstitutional, and there's an ongoing appeal, which I think we'll be hearing about soon:
http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/content/view.php?pk_id=0000000715
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Footnote / Punch Card
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RIght!
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- They may be challenged on an individual basis.
- A rejected challenge can be attempted again.
The resulting process is rather bothersome for everyone involved. But it also forces the DOJ to choose between publishing the letters and keep on defending them in court.
Maybe they can be forced to choose which NSLs are important enough to defend and publish the rest. (One can always hope.)
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You left something out; it's rather important I think. It forces them to chose between publishing the letters and spending taxpayer money to keep on defending them in court.
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"Gag Order On 11-Year-Old"
And I could only wonder how they managed to enforce telling a child not to blab.
Duct tape, obviously.
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Re: "Gag Order On 11-Year-Old"
Clickbait via line terminators?
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Hillary-esque
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You hit the nail on the head, Judge. Over-classification is mainly used to cover up despicable acts of unconstitutional lawlessness.
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