DailyDirt: Microorganisms For Biofuel Production
from the urls-we-dig-up dept
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in biofuels due to growing concerns about global warming and rising oil prices. Biofuels are generally made by using chemicals, fermentation, and heat to break down the starches, sugars, and other molecules in plants to produce a fuel that can be used by vehicles. However, growing crops, making fertilizers and pesticides, and processing the plants into biofuel requires so much energy that it's questionable whether biofuels are really as environmentally friendly as they might seem on the surface. Plenty of research is already under way to figure out ways to make biofuel production more efficient with the help of microorganisms. Here are just a few examples.- Companies like Luca Technologies and Next Fuel are investigating the potential for microbial methane production from coal. Their approach is to stimulate native microorganisms that feed on underground hydrocarbon deposits to produce more methane. This could make it possible to extract fuel from coal reserves that have been too expensive to mine. [url]
- Researchers at Purdue University are studying how termite digestion could help improve biofuel production. They found that protists, which live in the termite's gut, may play an important role in the insect's digestion of woody material. Further research could lead to finding enzymes that could one day be used to help improve biofuel production. [url]
- Researchers at UC Berkeley have created a biodiesel fuel using a fermentation process that was once used to make explosives in World War I. The process uses a bacterium called Clostridium acetobutylicum (also known as the "Weizmann Organism") to ferment sugar from various sources -- including corn, sugar cane, molasses, woody biomass, or plant biomass -- and produces acetone, butanol, and ethanol. The fermentation products are then converted into a mix of hydrocarbons that are similar to those in diesel fuel. The resulting fuel burns as well as petroleum-based fuel and has more energy per gallon than ethanol. [url]
- Researchers at UC San Diego have demonstrated for the first time that marine algae can also be used to produce biofuels like fresh water algae. They genetically engineered the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta to produce five different enzymes that could be used to convert biomass to fuel. Their finding suggests that algal biofuels could also be produced in the ocean, in the brackish water of tidelands, or even on otherwise unusable agricultural land with high salt content in the soil. [url]
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Filed Under: algae, biofuels, biology, biotech, chemistry, energy, enzymes, fermentation, hydrocarbons, microorganisms
Companies: luca technologies, next fuel, purdue university, uc
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biotech will save us!
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Very high octane rating, needs less air than gasoline (though a little more than ethanol), and can be created from cellulosic feedstocks.
Biofuel race gas anyone?
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I wonder how many biofuel production plants are in states that don't provide tax breaks for them? I know that in Iowa, gasohol would not be economical if the state didn't subsidize the price by lowering gas tax rates for gasohol - 15% and 85%.
Think about this for a while: biofuel production as it currently is implemented only makes sense for corporate, commodity export agriculture. The kind of agriculture that thinks that chemical fertilizers, herbicide and insecticide application and genetically engineered seedstock are the right thing to do.
If you pour enough fertilizer on, you can avoid looking at broad spectrum soil health. I know that people measure percent organic matter content in soil. But what isn't measured is whether the soil is alive or not. How many soil micro-organisms are present in what numbers? How many insects, earthworms, etc are present?
What trace minerals are present, not just NPK? What is the soil compaction? I have had people tell me that modern equipment doesn't compact soil any worse than 1930s tractors. However, force is proportional to the square of velocity. When you have a combine with a 24' grain head followed alongside by a semitrailer off-loading harvested grain at 20 mph, don't you think that might be a little worse than a McCormick Deering Farmall "H" going 6 mph? I know that when I was working on a simulation project, we found that a truck could compact soil somewhere in the range of 30-50 feet deep, depending on speed.
If organic matter is being removed for fodder, bedding or biofuel production, what does that do to the soil and the life it contains. It ain't just dirt, you know.
Biofuel is one of those feel-good projects that you just really want to have succeed. And it does sometimes. I've heard that the Brazilians are doing just fine with sugar cane stalks after the juice is squeezed out. But their crops and climate are a tad bit different in a way that favors biofuel production with leftovers from the harvest.
A project that I worked on back around 1980 (right before Reagan vetoed the Synfuels Bill and destroyed alternative energy research in the US for the next 25 years) found that gasohol plants only made sense as small farm-scale production units that a farmer could use to power his equipment. It took all the feedstock and transportation costs out of the equation, and some of the processing costs. Trucking and shipping grain all over the world makes sense only for the Teamsters Union.
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