Why TPP Threatens To Undermine One Of The Fundamental Principles Of Science
from the and-that's-a-fact dept
Last week, we wrote that among the final obstacles to completing the TPP agreement was the issue of enhanced protection for drugs. More specifically, the fight is over an important new class of medicines called "biologics," which are produced from living organisms, and tend to be more complex and expensive to devise. The Conversation has a good feature looking at this issue in more detail. The central problem with biologics in TPP is "data exclusivity," which the article explains as follows:
Data exclusivity refers to the protection of clinical trial data submitted to regulatory agencies from use by competitors. It's a different type of monopoly protection to patents. While a product is covered by data exclusivity, manufacturers of cheaper follow-on versions of the product can't rely on the clinical trial data produced by the originator of the drug to support the marketing approval of their product.
As that makes clear, data exclusivity is a kind of super-patent in that it can't be challenged or revoked: if a drug company has run clinical trials to establish the safety of its new drug, it has an absolute and irrevocable monopoly on the use of that data -- for five years in the case of Australia, Chile, Singapore and New Zealand. This is obviously an incredibly powerful form of monopoly, so perhaps it's no surprise that US pharmaceutical companies want TPP to require signatories to grant an even longer period -- 12 years of data exclusivity -- for biologics.
Section 25a of Australia's Therapeutic Goods Act provides for five years of data exclusivity for all medicines. It makes no distinction between biologics and other drugs. Data exclusivity provides an absolute monopoly that, unlike a patent, can't be revoked or challenged in court.
That's useful for them, because even after drug patents have expired, and generic manufacturers can theoretically offer the same products without paying licensing fees, there remains the barrier of clinical testing. If the generic manufacturers can't point to the original clinical trials as proof that the drug is safe, they will need to carry out their own, which will take time and cost money. In practice, they are more likely to wait until the period of data exclusivity is over, effectively extending the original manufacturer's monopoly beyond that provided by patents alone.
So what? You might ask. Surely it's only fair that generic manufacturers cannot piggy-back on the work of the original drug companies? Although that argument sounds plausible, it overlooks the fact that what clinical trials produce is safety data about a drug, which is simply a certain kind of scientific fact concerning a particular complex compound, as unchanging as all its other features. It is not something that depends on the ingenuity of the person measuring it, because it represents intrinsic information about a substance. Granting data exclusivity is thus nothing less than giving a monopoly on knowledge itself, since it forbids any other company from being able to use that newly-established scientific fact.
That is a profoundly retrogressive step. Although dressed up in terms of fairness and recouping investments, the very notion of data exclusivity is an attack on the key idea that no one can own a scientific fact, and that science advances by building on existing knowledge. Arguments about whether the length of that monopoly should be five, eight or even twelve years, are not just pointless, they are pernicious, because any of them would lock the TPP countries into a system that allows basic facts to be owned, and would forbid them from exiting from it. The only acceptable length for data exclusivity is zero years; anything longer turns TPP into an attack on science itself.
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Filed Under: biologics, data, data exclusivity, science, sharing, tpp
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Re-inventing the wheel. Again, and again, and again...
If something is found during testing to cause harm, locking the results up means that anyone who wants to duplicate the same testing will almost certainly run into the same problems, causing harm needlessly when it could have been easily avoided. Similarly, if something is found to flat out not work, rather than allowing future research to bypass the failed section, locking up research will force everyone to run the exact same tests, to get the exact same results, multiple times.
Society, culture, and especially science builds upon what has been discovered, invented, and created before, any attempt to lock up knowledge like this is ultimately harmful to everyone, as it undermines that core requirement for advancement, and forces people and companies to wastefully re-do what has been done before to get to the same result.
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FTFY, Glyn. Had to or somebody would propose a data exclusivity length of 364/5 days, 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds, which, of course, would still be zero years.
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Re:
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Even worse
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How convenient to not only have a locked in, guaranteed lock down on generics but to also have a way out of court liability.
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Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
So data exclusivity is one tool that leads to a larger test base under control of separate parties. Of course, those parties all have a vested interest. But they still work with different test labs and different test persons and different statistics. Or, if you want to be pessimistic, at least are liable for their own data tampering.
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Clinical trials
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Re: Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
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Based on the information we have found out about many drugs years later, I think this could be in dispute.
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Re:
No - it would be 0.99999996829020801623541349568747 years
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David #6 - Re: Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
Perhaps you are thinking of the polished report that is eventually issued describing in glowing terms how this drug will be the salvation of mankind. That is PR, not science. But the data IS science and a manufacturer should have no claim to exclusivity.
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Re: David #6 - Re: Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
So if some trials determine that a drug is generally a bad idea, this result will, even with data exclusivity, mean that competitors are saved from doing their own trials before deciding not to market.
It only makes a difference when competitors decide to go to market with an identical substance. Then the marketing license is tied to having either independent or older test results to show. When your test results come out positive while the tests of a competitor showed a problem, that does not mean you can ignore the bad test results while data exclusivity is ongoing.
The science is not affected. Just the tick mark for being allowed to market.
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Re: Clinical trials
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Re: Re: David #6 - Re: Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
That's what the "more data is necessary" argument boils down to, isn't it?
There are other, much better ways to get more data than adding more IP restrictions to an industry already overloaded with them.
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If anything, this is a ploy. Sneak something in that can easily be shrugged off and they can extend quietly in the future. The TPP negotiators are being played (or played with depending on if they know or not.)
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#MyStupidCorporatocracy
The level of demanded lunacy in 'data exclusivity' points out that the LAST entities that should be ruling the world are corporations. They represent a GAMING SYSTEM called 'finance', NOT real life.
No thank you to allowing game players to run anything IRL. Stick to playing your game, corporate kiddies! Stay Out of my REAL life please.
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It was paid for, so it should be available
No, it's not fair. The manufacturer was paid for that work, among other things, by the patent that they were granted. If they don't want that data used by other companies, don't file for a patent.
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I can't imagine these rules being able to be enforced.
You can't state what that data can or cannot be used for. Well, you can, but that's not going to stop others from using it anyway.
This not only couldn't be enforced, but will drive end users of pharma underground.
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Re: Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
If they aren't science, then they aren't supposed to be accepted by the FDA, that being the entire point of clinical trials.
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Re: Re: David #6 - Re: Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
Which is effectively a patent extension, as pointed out in the article. Duh.
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Re: Re: David #6 - Re: Well, there is a point to data exclusivity
So, what you're saying here is that it's all BS?
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