DailyDirt: All Alone In The Universe With Nowhere To Go...

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

People have been looking up into the sky for centuries, wondering what's out there and if we're alone on this world. Astronomers, more recently, have been looking into deep space with some relatively high-tech equipment -- finding some strangely inexplicable phenomena (that could be alien megastructures?!) and still wondering if we're alone in the universe. We may never know for sure if intelligent life exists anywhere else, but it doesn't hurt to look, does it?

• The Breakthrough Prize Foundation is aiming to shoot lasers at a light-propelled nanocraft that could reach Alpha Centauri in a few decades (instead of millennia). This lightsail spacecraft would have a mass of just a few grams, so it could be accelerated to speeds of 100 million miles per hour -- much faster than any existing spacecraft we've ever built (like Voyager I zipping away at about 38,500 mph). [url]
• The Kepler space telescope has gotten plenty of headlines for finding thousands of exoplanets, but the far lesser-known TRAPPIST (TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope) in Belgium is also finding some exoplanets, too. The TRAPPIST telescope is stuck on the ground (unlike KST), but it's looking at a few dozen ultracool dwarf stars and has found 3 planets orbiting a star that's just 0.05 percent as bright as our Sun. [url]
• Kepler 36b and Kepler 36c are two exoplanets orbiting the same star which could possibly harbor some kind of microbial life (but probably not). Still, it's an interesting question whether or not life -- if it exists on either Kepler 36b or 36c -- could be transferred to its neighboring planet. (Though maybe we should focus on looking at Venus and Mars first....) [url]

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Filed Under: alien megastructures, aliens, astrobiology, astronomy, breakthrough prize foundation, et, exoplanets, extraterrestrial life, kepler space telescope, life, lightsail, nanocraft, seti, spacecraft, telescopes, trappist

DailyDirt: Hello, World Universe! Hello? (Is This Thing On?)

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) hasn't yielded much, and some of the results are even a bit embarrassing. We don't really know what to look for when we're listening for alien signals. There's growing evidence that planets like ours are not rare in the universe, but that doesn't necessarily mean intelligent life is abundant. Given the vast distances to neighboring star systems, we're also not likely to visit them any time soon.

• Russian billionaire Yuri Milner is spending $100 million on a Breakthrough Listen initiative that will last 10 years and attempt to find alien intelligence. This effort will scan the universe using telescopes that cover more than ten times of the sky compared to previous projects, and the data will be made public for SETI@home distributed analysis. [url]
• NASA has its Nexus for Exoplanet System Science (NExSS) project to look for extraterrestrial life. Identifying exoplanets that might harbor life is a fascinating field that requires an interdisciplinary effort of biologists, physicists, astronomers, geologists and a whole lot of creative thinking. [url]
• No obvious signs of life have been seen after looking at 100,000 galaxies. This probably doesn't mean anything other than we don't know what to look for. [url]

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Filed Under: aliens, breakthrough listen, exoplanets, extraterrestrial life, nexss, seti, seti@home, space, yuri milner
Companies: nasa

DailyDirt: More Clues To The Origins Of Life On Earth

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

The beginnings of life on our planet aren't well known because we simply don't know the exact conditions that were present billions of years ago. However, experiments under lab conditions that try to simulate the early solar system could shed some light on how early life developed, and there are some researchers looking into prebiotic chemical reactions to see if we can narrow down the possibilities and rule out any pathways that are unlikely to have contributed to our present thriving ecosystem. These experiments could lead to a better understanding of what life is and how we might detect other kinds of life elsewhere in our solar system or galaxy.

• Some chemists demonstrate that many important prebiotic molecules can be created with just hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide and ultraviolet light. This finding could help end the debate over whether early life began with cell membranes or RNA or DNA -- or create more questions as it looks like the precursors to RNA, lipids and amino acids could have all been made at the same time under similar conditions which might have been common in prebiotic earth. [url]
• Professor Jack Szostak talks about the origins of life on earth and how lab experiments could help us understand astrobiology. Szostak discusses how early life on our planet might have started with simpler biomolecules than we have today and became more complex with natural selection -- but there are still a lot of unanswered questions. [url]
• Meteorites bombarded by radiation could have seeded prebiotic molecules on planets throughout the universe. Zapping formamide under conditions thought to be similar to early solar systems resulted in organic molecules such as nucleobases, carboxylic acids, sugars, amino acids, and some precursors to RNA and DNA. [url]

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Filed Under: astrobiology, biology, biomolecules, dna, jack szostak, life, meteorites, prebiotic molecules, rna, seti

DailyDirt: To Seek Out New Life And New Civilizations...

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

The search for extraterrestrial life hasn't yielded much evidence that there's anyone else out there. We could be looking in the wrong places or not looking with the right instruments to detect faint signals -- or maybe we're actually alone. But as they say with the lottery, you can't win if you don't play, so we won't find any aliens if we don't continue looking. (Assuming that aliens aren't already on their way to come and get us.)

• If Dyson spheres actually exist (we're not talking about vacuum cleaners here), they might be harder to detect than previously thought. A Dyson sphere around a white dwarf star might be feasible if an advanced civilization figures out how to survive the red giant and supernova stages of a star -- or travel to an existing white dwarf. [url]
• There are hundreds of billions of stars in our galaxy, and tens of billions with planets in a "Goldilocks' zone" where we think life as we know it could exist. Endless speculation doesn't really explain why we haven't seen any evidence of life yet, but it's fun to try to guess what's going on with aliens and what they might look like. [url]
• Optimists in the space sciences predict that we'll find evidence of alien life forms in the next few decades. We may continue to find evidence that habitable conditions exist elsewhere in the universe, but actually finding life could take a bit longer. [url]

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Filed Under: aliens, astrobiology, dyson sphere, extraterrestrial life, fermi paradox, goldilocks zone, seti

DailyDirt: We Should Have Written Down ET's Phone Number...

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

The search for extraterrestrial life has been going on for ages, but we still haven't found much convincing evidence that life on other objects in space exists. There's at least one bold prediction that we'll find signs of intelligent life in outer space within the next 25 years, but that's not a bet too many scientists would likely make. Here are just a few more links on the search for ET -- for those bored with the lifeforms on this planet.

• Out of about 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe, a couple astrophysicists estimate that only 10% are able to support complex life. Apparently, gamma ray bursts are regularly wiping out anything more complex than microbes in the vast majority of space. That is, assuming that other complex life is similar to our own biosphere and vulnerable to gamma radiation. [url]
• If we're expecting life on other worlds to look similar to our own, we might want to check out a Caribbean shrimp species that lives near hydrothermal vents in a symbiotic relationship with extremophile bacteria. The water near these undersea vents can reach 400°C, and similar conditions could be present elsewhere in our solar system (eg. in Europa's subsurface ocean?). [url]
• Alien hunters could hit the jackpot and discover evidence of intelligent life (beyond Earth) by 2040. The SETI Institute has been looking for several decades now, but we're learning more and more about where best to look (not towards the center of the Milky Way galaxy where gamma ray bursts are more common). As long as the funding to keep listening for signals doesn't completely dry up, we could find out that we're not alone in the universe (maybe). [url]

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Filed Under: aliens, astrobiology, biosphere, et. extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial life, extremophiles, lifeforms, seti, space, space exploration

DailyDirt: Nature Abhors A Vacuum

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

Studies have shown that spore-forming bacteria can survive in space under certain conditions, so it doesn't seem so implausible that life -- as we know it -- has accomplished interplanetary travel successfully. Extremophiles living in unexpected places also seems to suggest mounting evidence that life exists on other worlds, even though we have no direct proof of extraterrestrial beings (yet). Here are just a few links related to the growing field of astrobiology.

• NASA microbiologists have classified a new genus (not just a species) of bacteria that can survive in the clean rooms designed to prevent spacecraft from contaminating the rest of the solar system with terrestrial organisms. The bacterium Tersicoccus phoenicis was first found in 2007 in a clean room made for the Mars lander Phoenix, and it's been seen again in another clean room 4,000 km away that housed the ESA's Herschel space telescope. [url]
• When the universe was just 15 million years old, the 'Goldilocks' conditions for supporting life might have existed nearly everywhere -- 10 billion years before life on Earth likely began. No one is actually certain if planets even existed when the universe was that young, but if there were, liquid water and nice ambient temperatures were probably not that hard to find. [url]
• The asteroid that killed off all the dinosaurs about 65 million years ago hit with such force that rocks from Earth could have been ejected out of our atmosphere -- to travel as far as Saturn. Rocks from our planet could have carried life to Mars, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn (as well as the moons of those planets), so if we ever find life elsewhere in our solar system, it might have come from Earth. [url]
• Biomolecules may have formed on asteroids when our sun was much younger and warmer than it is now. The 'Goldilocks' zone for our sun may have included the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, but our sun has cooled with age and the asteroid belt isn't a very likely place to find liquid water anymore. [url]

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Filed Under: asteroids, astrobiology, bacteria, et, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial life, extremophile, life, microbe, planets, seti, space, tersicoccus phoenicis
Companies: esa, nasa

DailyDirt: Searching For Life Forms

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

Discovering an alien life form would be quite an achievement, but we've been burned before by over-eager press releases that claimed to find evidence of life from beyond our planet. NASA might be more careful about making any announcements about life based on peculiar and potentially extra-terrestrial-based life, but NASA seemed to have forgotten about the extraordinary claims over ALH84001. Overall, though, it's probably good that NASA hasn't given up on searching for aliens, so here are a few links on looking for life from outer space.

• Recently, some UK scientists claimed to find evidence of alien life in the Earth's upper atmosphere, suggesting that alien life is just raining down from space all the time. The concept of panspermia is interesting, but the evidence for it isn't quite convincing yet. [url]
• There are a bunch of ways to look for aliens, such as a search for extraterrestrial technology (SETT) to find non-natural shapes in space. Looking for alien crop circles on exoplanets ain't easy, though. [url]
• Some astronomers are looking for evidence of Dyson Spheres -- a massive array solar panels that advanced alien civilizations might use for sustaining enormous energy needs. This search is actually being funded by a grant from the Templeton Foundation. [url]
• NASA's Curiosity rover hasn't detected much methane in the Martian atmosphere, so the odds of finding familiar living organisms seems a bit more distant. Mars was most likely suitable for Earth-like life at some point, but it's looking pretty dead right now. [url]

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Filed Under: alh84001, aliens, astrobiology, biology, curiosity, dyson sphere, et, extraterrestrial, life, mars, nasa, seti, sett, templeton foundation

DailyDirt: Detecting Signs Of Life

from the urls-we-dig-up dept

Looking for extraterrestrial life has been a largely fruitless task for many decades. There have been a few times when people thought they might have found evidence of life that wasn't from Earth, but upon further analysis, those discoveries weren't so clear cut. Still, the search for ETs is on-going, and here are just a few links on some ways to find alien friends.

• Spectroscopic biosignatures could be detected in light reflections off of alien planets. Reflected sunlight is polarized when it bounces off the Earth, and plant life on Earth absorb specific bands of light -- so alien worlds may exhibit similar phenomena (if only we could detect it). [url]
• In the 1970s, there was some speculation that cellulose could be detected in interstellar space. However, it's not so easy to figure out how to detect biopolymers in the vast vacuum of space. [url]
• The Drake Equation estimates how many alien civilizations might exist in our galaxy. It's just an estimate, and there are a lot of unknown variables... [url]
• Moqui marbles are unusual spherical rocks that have a rusty iron oxide exterior and a sandy interior -- and were formed with the help of microorganisms. So if we find similar rocks on other worlds, we might be able to infer that extra-terrestrial microbial life also exists. [url]

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Filed Under: aliens, biosignature, cellulose, et, extraterrestrial, interstellar space, life, moqui marbles, seti, spectroscopy

Paul Allen Telescope Starts Looking For Aliens

from the et-phone-home dept

The initial portion of the Allen Telescope Array, a vast new array of radio telescopes, recently went live in Hat Creek, California. This array, funded in part by Paul Allen, is designed to scan the sky for any sign of extraterrestrial radio signals. The array is unique not only in the fact that it is the only array specifically designed to look for extraterrestrial life, but also in the fact that the many telescopes are designed using cheap, off-the-shelf components. By not using custom, one-off telescopes, the costs to construct the array of 350 telescopes was minimized greatly. Furthermore, in contrast to large single dish radio telescopes, like the 1,000-foot-diameter radio telescope in Puerto Rico, this array is faster and much cheaper to run. As a result, when completed, this array will be able to search for life at a million stars. Considering that the NASA's SETI project, Project Phoenix, searched 800 stars, this is a huge leap. That said, it is still a search for a needle in a haystack. Perhaps wiser-than-his-years Calvin of Calvin and Hobbes said it best when he proposed, "I think the surest sign that there is intelligent life out there in the universe is that none of it has tried to contact us."

Filed Under: astronomy, paul allen, seti