Australian Court Says Men At Work's 'Down Under' Infringes On Folk Song; Only Took Decades To Notice

from the copyright-gone-mad dept

Well, apparently not all Australian courts are sensible when it comes to copyright rulings. While we recently wrote about the wonderful iiNet decision, in the comments, someone pointed to a bad decision made on the same day. It's a case we wrote about last year involving the famous song Down Under by the band Men at Work -- a big hit back in the 1980s. But in 2007, after seeing a joke on a TV trivia program about that song's similarities to an old Australian folk song, the publisher who held the copyright on the folk song sued. Yes, this was decades after the song was popular, and the publisher, Larrikan Music didn't notice any similarities at all. It seems like this should be an open-and-shut case. The "use" was minor, at best, and didn't do any damage to the market for the original song, "Kookaburra," which is popular among schoolkids, apparently. There's simply no harm done and anyone with an ounce of common sense should see that.

But... that's not what the court found. It's ruled that Men at Work infringed on Kookaburra, and now the band members and their record label need to pay up -- potentially huge sums. It's difficult to see how this makes sense under any sort of copyright regime.
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Filed Under: australia, copyright, down under, kookaburra, men at work
Companies: larrikan music


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  1. icon
    Dark Helmet (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 8:05am

    Question

    Can the bill owed be paid in cases of Fosters?

    Fosters: Australian for damages!

    Also, there should be a Kangaroo court joke in there somewhere, but I can't seem to find it....

    link to this | view in thread ]

  2. icon
    LumpyDog (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 8:09am

    We should all get paid for having to suffer through that awful song's popularity, but only after we've been reimbursed for the Crocodile Dundee movies, too.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  3. icon
    Planespotter (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 8:36am

    ...and this is why rights should cease after the creator dies and not be some "perpetual pension" for the next of kin or Joe Schmo Inc.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  4. identicon
    RD, 4 Feb 2010 @ 8:45am

    Interesting question

    "...and this is why rights should cease after the creator dies and not be some "perpetual pension" for the next of kin or Joe Schmo Inc."

    Actually, this begs an interesting question. Lets say Colin Hay died (or whomever has the copyright) and this gets passed on to his heirs (or another corporation). Now, 3 decades later, someone comes to sue. Do they sue the heirs/corp? Must be, since they are left holding the bag and have to pay for the sins of their "fathers." Now, if its a big media corp, you can bet your ASS they would try to get it dismissed on the grounds that "we didnt do it, this other guy did" and thus making sure that copyright ONLY works ONE WAY.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  5. icon
    :Lobo Santo (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 8:45am

    Re: ...creator dies.

    I could see such a policy leading to artist/author killings just to bring about an end of their "rights." Perhaps we should think on that policy just a little longer...

    link to this | view in thread ]

  6. icon
    PaulT (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 8:46am

    Re:

    I'd like to see a system where 25-30 years for copyright is the norm, with an option for up to 2 extensions during the life of the artist. That would allow creators to profit from their work as much as possible, while ensuring that the legal quagmire that's preventing the release (or even proper storage, in some cases) of many works is minimised.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  7. icon
    jsl4980 (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 8:57am

    Some extra details

    Glad you posted on this, but I think if you expand on the details it sounds even worse (the ruling, not the song).

    The original song was written by a school teacher in 1934, who died in 1988.

    Land Down Under was written and released in 1979 and 1981.

    Larrikin Music (aka Copyright troll) bought the rights in 1990.

    Larrikin Music found out about the similarities in 2007 because of a game show on TV and decided to sue.

    Larrikin Music (aka Copyright troll) has done absolutely no work in this situation. They had nothing to do with the creation of the original song. They didn't notice the similarities. The only effort they made was to wait for the originator to die, and now reap rewards that the originator obviously didn't feel entitled to. The originator was alive when the song was an international hit, and if she felt entitled she would have sued a long time ago.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  8. icon
    sehlat (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:10am

    I've noticed a pattern here.

    You keep mentioning "law" and "making sense" in the same paragraph. This is evidenced in an awful lot of your posts.

    Might I respectfully suggest that you consult your doctor about your medication schedule? :)

    link to this | view in thread ]

  9. identicon
    Rich, 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:14am

    No even original

    The Australian song isn't original either. It is based on an old Welsh tune.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  10. icon
    HymieS (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:14am

    It's all a Croc,(k),, ( pardon the pun)

    IF,,,, as it states in the article,, the song is considered a folk song, sung by school children, it should more than likely be considered public domain. Especially if it is sung in school recitals.

    Could you imagine some descendant of Francis Scott Key suing the U.S. gov't and every professional sports team for using and broadcasting the words to the Star Spangled Banner? Remember,,, It was written as a poem,, He never gave permission to have it set to music. Or is that considered a derivative work?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  11. icon
    Mojo Bone (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:17am

    @#7: you seem to have conveniently left out the part where copyright troll PAID for the rights.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  12. icon
    mike allen (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:20am

    Re: Re:

    10 years is long enough for any music. heaven forbid they have to write more good songs. not that either of these 2 deserve the word good.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  13. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:23am

    Re: Re: ...creator dies.

    Oh I don't know, the way rights owners behave these days, a little threat to their well being, might be in order.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  14. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:23am

    yeah but, a stinky but for sure...

    If the record labels get sued for copyright infringement isn't that just to much like justice? Well, maybe not for the artists, Love that LP by the way. Think Ill download some now.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  15. icon
    another mike (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:29am

    Re: Re:

    I'd take it even further. Make copyright expire into public domain in just 7 years unless the rights-holder pays (through the nose) to extend the copyright for another 7 years. We'll give them unlimited extensions in exchange for the short monopoly.
    I think you'd also have to offer a carrot to the forgetful rights-holders and orphaned works. A grace period of, say, 3 years where the copyright can be reapplied and the song taken back out of public domain. So a rights-holder basically has a decade to decide if the copyright is profitable enough to keep paying for.
    Think about how many songs from before 2003 that you know. Then how many of those are still a significant source of income for the artist. If it's still a profitable song then the rights-holder has the money to pay for a copyright extension.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  16. icon
    martyburns (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:32am

    I'd be interested to know what TAM thinks.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  17. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:44am

    How can someone have the copyrights on a Folk song? :P

    Guess it's no different from someone having the copyrights on Happy Birthday..

    link to this | view in thread ]

  18. icon
    Bart (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:58am

    Damages

    Too bad for Larrikan they're not in the US. What's according to the RIAA a reasonable rate for infringement? $50,000 per copy or something along those lines?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  19. identicon
    Arfnotz, 4 Feb 2010 @ 9:59am

    Re: Some extra details

    A copyright maybe freely sold, transfered, or otherwise conveyed. The same is true for patents, stocks and bonds, land, etc. The fact that the rights to the folk song were transfered, and that it took the owner umpteen years to notice is unimportant. Whether morally right or wrong, a copyright is basically a set of enforceble rights (a licencse to sue, if you will) and who ever owns them may go to the courts to do so.

    I question whether the original music really is a "folk" song, I thought folk sosngs were "everyone knwo it and its been around since Jesus was in thrid grade and no one knows who wrote it."

    link to this | view in thread ]

  20. icon
    Chuck Norris' Enemy (deceased) (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:03am

    Wiggles

    Pretty sure I heard the Wiggles sing a Kookaburra song. Hope they got the rights to the original.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  21. identicon
    RobTheBold, 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:13am

    Similar?

    I thought I remembered the tune. I pulled out a book of Children's songs from my youth. Kookaburra is there on page 188, credited to Marion Sinclair. So calling it a "folk song" seems to be inaccurate and misleading, since that usually implies the composer/author is lost to antiquity.

    What doesn't seem to be there is any resemblance to "Down Under". I found a recording and played it, then played Kookaburra and I just don't hear it.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  22. icon
    Rose M. Welch (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:15am

    Re: Some extra details

    The 'original' song has the same melody and similar lyrics (once translated) as an old Welsh folk song about a black bird. Please note that the 'author' was a music teacher, with a degree in music.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  23. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:16am

    Re:

    TAM doesn't know how to think and who cares, I mean, really? TAM has been called out so many times for sloppy thinking that at this point . . . who cares?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  24. icon
    Rose M. Welch (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:17am

    Re: Some extra details

    The 'original' song has the same melody and similar lyrics (once translated) as an old Welsh folk song about a black bird. Please note that the 'author' was a music teacher, with a degree in music.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  25. icon
    Rose M. Welch (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:18am

    Re: Similar?

    The 'original' song has the same melody and similar lyrics (once translated) as an old Welsh folk song about a black bird. Please note that the 'author' was a music teacher, with a degree in music.

    Also, it's just the flute solo that's supposed to be 'similar' Similar, in this case, meant 'two bars'.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  26. identicon
    interval, 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:22am

    These silly "infringe" lawsuits have to stop. If these stupid suits are ruled this way then all musical creativity will have to cease. Think about what would have happened to Elvis if this litigious atmosphere existed in his time. He'd have gotten no where, because the country blues singers would have sued him, in turn cotton pickers would have sued the blues men, etc...

    F'n ridiculous.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  27. icon
    mike42 (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:31am

    Re: Re: Some extra details

    Nice one, Rose! The band (and their lawyers) should be made aware of this.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  28. identicon
    RobTheBold, 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:33am

    Re: Re: Similar?

    OK, now that I listened more carefully to the flute riff in the instrumental section, I hear it. The flute definitely quotes "Kookaburra". Having never heard the Welsh tune, I'll just take your word on that.

    In the songbook arrangement, the quoted passage is, as you said, two bars long. The entire melody of "Kookaburra" is 8 bars long. I don't know if I'd call 1/4 of something a substantial part -- "Kookaburra" is a pretty short song.

    In any case, the riff is rather incidental, not part of the verse or refrain of "Down Under".

    link to this | view in thread ]

  29. icon
    Rose M. Welch (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:49am

    Re: Re: Re: Similar?

    Agreed. It's not a substantial part of 'Down Under' and I don't believe that it helped 'Down Under' make money, or that it hurt 'Kookaburra'. In fact, I think that 'Kookaburra' is a national folk song, sung by Girl Guides and schoolchildren the country over, and that it's appropriate to reference it in a 'Down Under', which is song about Australia. If they had referenced it in the lyrics, it would be fair use. Why is it different with the melody?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  30. icon
    Rose M. Welch (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 10:50am

    The two bars of the flute solo are not a substantial part of 'Down Under' and I don't believe that it helped 'Down Under' make money, or that it hurt 'Kookaburra'.

    In fact, I think that 'Kookaburra' is a national folk song, sung by Girl Guides and schoolchildren the country over, and that it's appropriate to reference it in a 'Down Under', which is song about Australia. If they had referenced it in the lyrics, it would be fair use. Why is it different with the melody?

    Last, but not least, Marion Singer is quoted as having taking the four bars from the actual sound that the kookubura bird makes, so maybe somebody should sue Larrikin Music on behalf of the bird...

    link to this | view in thread ]

  31. identicon
    akston, 4 Feb 2010 @ 11:08am

    That is the most ridiculous thing I have ever heard.

    The destruction of the historic idea that culture is passed from artist to artist to be riffed on foretells the death of culture. What can we expect next - for owners of the rights to old Sci-Fi movies to sue Moore and Gibbons for their reproduction of movie posters in Watchmen? If Homer were alive today, would his fellow bards sue him for infrigement? Probably. WIPO and ACTA will rightly be widely ignored by the actual people who produce culture, and this will end up with a lot of artists in jail.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  32. icon
    nasch (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 11:25am

    Re: Re: Re:

    A grace period of, say, 3 years where the copyright can be reapplied and the song taken back out of public domain.

    Nothing should ever be removed from the public domain IMO. Orphaned works can be dealt with by an opt-in system, rather than the can't-even-opt-out system we have now, but if you forget to renew your copyright, tough. Of course the lobbyists will never let anything like that happen.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  33. icon
    Richard (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 11:32am

    But everybody knows

    that land down under is a rip off of waltzing matilda

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qHBVnMf2t7w

    link to this | view in thread ]

  34. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 12:06pm

    Re: Re: Re:

    Great idea, except:

    1. Every time renewal comes up, it should cost double whatever they paid last. There needs to be a *really* strong incentive against renewal, or monopolists will simply keep monopolizing. This is particularly problematic, in that in the case of really popular (or culturally significant) cultural 'product' they can keep generating billions just by issuing "greatest hits" or "remastered" versions or some other bullshit that has absolutely nothing to do with creating anything NEW.
    (I'm thinking in particular, of the recent Beatles "remasters" -- including the dubious con-job known as "Beatles in mono box set".) Hell, at least Beatles: Rock Band was somewhat interesting, and provides the illusion of "participating in culture".

    But back to my original point: there needs to be a strong disincentive against such monopolies, lest we get right back to a point where monopolists (oops, I mean "rights-holders") actually start believing they're "entitled" to monopoly privileges as a matter of "right".
    They need to be REALLY conscious of the whole "copyright bargain" thing, or we're RIGHT back to the point where they can portray the Public Domain as "unfair".

    Maybe make the copyrights only last 2.5 years, with a maximum of 1 renewals, for a TOTAL of seven years?

    Still enough time for the latest, corporate "one-hit wonder" to go "multi-platinum", but short enough so as not to become socially odious.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  35. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 12:10pm

    Re: Re: ...creator dies.

    lol, that would be morbidly funny if people started attempting to kill Lucas so Star Wars would become public domain.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  36. identicon
    Henry Emrich, 4 Feb 2010 @ 12:15pm

    What does TAM "think?"

    1. It doesn't "think" anything:

    Anybody remember "Eliza", the virtual psychoanalysis program? I'm pretty sure TAM is something like that. It and other IP-trolls are nothing but more or less poorly-designed propaganda-bots (based on proprietary, closed-source software, of course).
    That would explain why TAM can only regurgitate RIAA talking-points. Anything beyond a fairly-limited collection of stock phrases causes It's poorly-written code to either spit out broken crap like "no...but...unless", or crash, and be unable to post more propaganda.

    TAM hasn't responded because whoever's running it hasn't managed to reboot it, yet.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  37. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 12:28pm

    A very bizarre, strange ruling indeed. I wonder what prompted this lawsuit now, decades later.
    Let's hope that Men at Work will fight back!

    link to this | view in thread ]

  38. icon
    jupiter (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 12:30pm

    exponential payment

    Copyright owners should have to pay to renew their copyright every three years, and that cost should increase exponentially over time. $1 to copyright it the first time, $10 the second, $100 the third, $1,000 the fourth, etc.

    If they're still making over a million a year on the work after 21 years, it'll be worth paying for, otherwise it becomes public domain, and the owner has to find other ways to make money. Copyright truly hurts any work that can't turn a profit. It can sit unpublished, unavailable, and unprofitable for decades.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  39. icon
    The Anti-Mike (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 12:32pm

    Re:

    I don't have an opinion, I let the people trolling me speak for me now. I am sure they can find an unrelated quote from me to add to the discussion.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  40. icon
    Lachlan Hunt (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 12:34pm

    This result of this case is ludicrous not just becasue the current rights holders didn't own the rights at the time the song was written and released, but because new works taking inspiration from older works is exactly how a good, healthy creative culture is supposed to work.

    Look at painters reusing the artistic styles of their predecessors; authors reusing and reimagning the stories of old, and incorporating common themes; musicians reusing the same chord progressions of old classic songs. This recent ruling, combined with the indefinite cycle of copyright term extensions, will only serve to kill this inspirational culture for good.

    For the comments here making suggestions about how long copyright terms should be, keep in mind that term extensions are bad. Keeping track of which works had their copyright extended and which didn't is already difficult enough.

    The ideal system would be a fixed term from the year of publication or, if it can be reliably determined, the year of creation. This would make the system fair and easy. There's no need to know about when the author died, or whether the copyright is held by a corporation, or whether the copyright holder applied for extensions. If the work has a known creation or publication year, determining its copyright status is easy. A reasonable term would, I think, be somewhere between 20 and 40 years.

    This still leaves the problem of orphan works who's authors cannot be found, and works without known publication or creation dates, but at least with a relatively short copyright terms, you can still guarantee entry into the public domain as the earliest known year the work was discovered + length of fixed copyright term.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  41. icon
    ChrisB (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 3:57pm

    Re: But everybody knows

    That video is an awesome musical rebuttal!

    link to this | view in thread ]

  42. identicon
    Mr Big Content, 4 Feb 2010 @ 5:29pm

    Doesn’t Matter About The Delay

    Think about it. Imagine one of your children was murdered. But you didn’t notice immediately, until say, 20 years later, when somebody pointed out to you that there was an empty place at the dinner table every day. Does that make it any less a murder? Wouldn’t you still want the offender persecuted?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  43. icon
    IronMask (profile), 4 Feb 2010 @ 5:53pm

    Re: Question

    Fosters is a Japanese beer. Nobody in Australia drinks Fosters any more :/

    link to this | view in thread ]

  44. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 4 Feb 2010 @ 6:22pm

    Re: Doesn�t Matter About The Delay

    So, what you are saying is that
    copyright infringement is the same as
    murder

    Wow

    You need help

    link to this | view in thread ]

  45. icon
    mermaldad (profile), 5 Feb 2010 @ 6:01am

    In Defense of the Plaintiffs

    While I think it's unfortunate that Larrikin Music chose to sue over this, I can see why the court ruled as they did. Kookaburra is such a short song. I count 37 notes. It's so short that identifying the song by name is probably infringement. (Note to LM: That was sarcasm; please don't sue me.) The part that Men At Work used is actually two pieces, each 11 notes long. So that's 59% of the tune quoted, multiple times, in Land Down Under.

    While it's true the notes aren't part of the versus or chorus, they are the melody line for an instrumental interlude between verses and therefore feature prominently in the song. While not solely responsible for the success of Land Down Under, they do help to give it that Australian flavor.

    I agree that the current copyright laws are overboard, but for now they are the law.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  46. icon
    Pickle Monger (profile), 5 Feb 2010 @ 7:07am

    Folk songs gone wild

    How does one sue for infringement of a folk song? Did the publisher identify themselves in the filing as "We, the People"?
    Therefore, I suggest for the people of Moldova to immediately sue the Russian Federation for Tchaivovsky's use of a folk song in his 1st Concerto.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  47. identicon
    Lawrence D'Oliveiro, 6 Feb 2010 @ 2:29am

    I Found Another One!

    Listen to Journey Of The Sorcerer by the Eagles, specifically the part used in the Hitchhikers’ Guide To The Galaxy theme. Compare the melody with Nitin Sawhney’s Sunset. Surely that’s just as close as Kookaburra versus Down Under?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  48. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Feb 2010 @ 8:28pm

    Colin Hay was actually on the Australia TV show "The 7pm Project" last night and stated that Men At Work were not the ones being sued. It was him, personally.

    Having only learned of this recently I'm hugely disappointed. I grew up with 'Down Under' being played everywhere and it just plain old sucks to see a London firm (Larrikin Music) suing an Australian band over 2 bars that are similar to some other Australian song.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  49. identicon
    World Cup Merchandise, 17 Jun 2010 @ 4:23am

    I do not regret visiting this site, ... really good Soccer Shoes

    link to this | view in thread ]

  50. identicon
    Soccer Merchandise, 17 Jun 2010 @ 5:53am

    Thank you very much. I am wonderring if I can share your article in the bookmarks of society,Then more friends can talk about this... Soccer Gear

    link to this | view in thread ]

  51. identicon
    bjjbook, 24 Apr 2011 @ 10:16pm

    Think about it. Imagine one of your children was murdered. But you didn’t notice immediately, until say, 20 years later, when somebody pointed out to you that there was an empty place at the dinner table every day. ran แรน

    link to this | view in thread ]

  52. icon
    sprearson81 (profile), 9 Jun 2012 @ 5:47am

    They were quick off the mark eh

    link to this | view in thread ]


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