Huge Victory: Court Rules For YouTube Against Viacom

from the wow dept

Well this is a pleasant surprise. Like many others, I had assumed that the court reviewing the Viacom/YouTube lawsuit would not accept either side's position for summary judgment and the case would go to a full trial. However, as Eric Goldman alerts us, the court has quickly ruled in favor of Google/YouTube, saying that it is, in fact, protected by the DMCA's safe harbors. Here's the ruling:
Basically Viacom's argument got decimated. The court points out that Congress clearly meant for the DMCA safe harbors to cover situations like this, and excerpts large chunks of the legislative record to support that. From this the court concludes exactly what many of us have been saying all along:
The tenor of the foregoing provisions is that the phrases "actual knowledge that the material or an activity" is infringing, and "facts or circumstances" indicating infringing activity, describe knowledge of specific and identifiable infringements of particular individual items. Mere knowledge of prevalence of such activity in general is not enough. That is consistent with an area of the law devoted to protection of distinctive individual works, not of libraries. To let knowledge of a generalized practice of infringement in the industry, or of a proclivity of users to post infringing materials, impose responsibility on service providers to discover which of their users' postings infringe a copyright would contravene the structure and operation of the DMCA.
The court points out that not only does this makes sense from the legislative history on the DMCA, but also from a common sense standpoint:
That makes sense, as the infringing works in suit may be a small fraction of millions of works posted by others on the service's platform, whose provider cannot by inspection determine whether the use has been licensed by the owner, or whether its posting is a "fair use" of the material, or even whether its copyright owner or licensee objects to its posting. The DMCA is explicit: it shall not be construed to condition "safe harbor" protection on "a service provider monitoring its service or affirmatively seeking facts indicating infringing activity. . . ."
Not only that, the court finds that since Google is good about taking down content it receives DMCA notices on, it appears the system has been working just fine, and Viacom's worries are misguided:
Indeed, the present case shows that the DMCA notification regime works efficiently: when Viacom over a period of months accumulated some 100,000 videos and then sent one mass take-down notice on February 2, 2007, by the next business day YouTube had removed virtually all of them.
Once again, making it clear that "general knowledge" of infringing behavior is entirely different from the specific knowledge required by the DMCA:
Although by a different technique, the DMCA applies the same principle, and its establishment of a safe harbor is clear and practical: if a service provider knows (from notice from the owner, or a "red flag") of specific instances of infringement, the provider must promptly remove the infringing material. If not, the burden is on the owner to identify the infringement. General knowledge that infringement is "ubiquitous" does not impose a duty on the service provider to monitor or search its service for infringements.
The court also claims that the rulings in the Grokster, Isohunt and Limewire cases are not relevant here, as the situations in all three were entirely different. Amusingly, the judge quotes the rather damning email from Viacom's general counsel Michael Fricklas, where he stated, quite clearly, that YouTube was "staggering" in its difference from Grokster.

Basically, the court sides with Google/YouTube on every point and eviscerates the arguments of Viacom. This is a huge victory for common sense and the proper application of liability. Viacom will certainly appeal, so we're nowhere near done yet, but it's great to see the court get this one so thoroughly correct.
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Filed Under: copyright, dmca, liability, safe harbors, youtube
Companies: google, viacom, youtube


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  1. icon
    Hannah Bailey (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:38pm

    Sweeeeeet

    Awesome news, way to brighten up my day TechDirt. Finally a sane judge!

    Oh yeah, suuuuuuuuuuuuuuuck it Viacom :D

    link to this | view in thread ]

  2. identicon
    Anonymous Poster, 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:41pm

    As the great C. Montgomery Burns would say: "Excellent."

    link to this | view in thread ]

  3. icon
    imbrucy (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:44pm

    Great news, but I fear the Appellate Court

    This is fantastic news. It's good to see a judge with some common sense acknowledge that only Viacom can know what is infringing.

    The only thing that scares me is, given the history of the lack of common sense in the appellate court, that it will be overturned and sent back down by the court. Lets all hope that isn't the case.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  4. icon
    Brendan (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:47pm

    Awesome

    Had it NOT found this way, the repercussions for any User-generated content site would be crippling.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  5. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:49pm

    FINALLY, SOME GOOD NEWS AND COMMON SENSE COMES OUT OF OUR GOVERNMENT!!!

    link to this | view in thread ]

  6. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:53pm

    Re: Great news, but I fear the Appellate Court

    I agree, the appellate court might screw this up. Hopefully not.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  7. icon
    Hephaestus (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:56pm

    Ooops

    I guess there goes part of the future BPI infringement lawsuit. Perhaps all of it.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  8. icon
    WDS (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 1:57pm

    IFPI

    I hope that if it hasn't already done so, that Google sends IFPI a nice legally worded "Stuff it" letter after this ruling.

    (In reference to yesterday's techdirt article

    http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20100622/0908079920.shtml
    )

    link to this | view in thread ]

  9. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 2:04pm

    YAY!!!!

    link to this | view in thread ]

  10. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 2:14pm

    The only reason Google was able to obtain a sane judgment in a matter such as this is that they are a large corporation.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  11. icon
    interval (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 2:20pm

    Lets hope it sticks

    Bilecom (I know, the pun is rather forced) will appeal, I think that goes without saying. Just sayin'...

    link to this | view in thread ]

  12. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 2:23pm

    Re:

    and Viacom isn't?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  13. icon
    Dark Helmet (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 2:32pm

    Re: Re:

    No, no, Viacom talks big, but they're actually an LLC with only nine full time employees. The rest of their staff are made up of either part time employees or dwarfs. Either way, they only pay them half as much....

    link to this | view in thread ]

  14. icon
    ChurchHatesTucker (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 2:52pm

    Re: Sweeeeeet

    Sad that we have to sit on pins and needles waiting to see if a judge is indeed sane.

    Now we just have to worry about the appellate judges...

    link to this | view in thread ]

  15. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 2:57pm

    welcome to the content free for all. watch the movie and tv business disappear.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  16. icon
    Bubba Gump (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:01pm

    Re: Re: Re:

    Those aren't dwarves, they're Oompa-Loompas.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  17. icon
    interval (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:12pm

    Re:

    I'll make a bet with you; that we'll see even more films and tv shows than ever in the next 3 years.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  18. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:13pm

    Re: Re:

    Not saying that Viacom isn't a large corporation. However, if the "Google Party" in this lawsuit wasn't a large corporation, the courts would immediately be ruling in Viacom's favour.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  19. icon
    The Devil's Coachman (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:13pm

    Then let it happen

    That would like totally rule, considering the awful crap they crank out each and every day. I, for one, wouldn't miss them at all.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  20. identicon
    Simon, 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:21pm

    EXACTLY!

    It's so obvious that this will happen - just like it did after the Betamax case.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  21. icon
    Esahc (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:26pm

    Re:

    And I will dance on their graves in the pale moonlight . . . however you are wrong and they will live.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  22. icon
    R. Miles (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:31pm

    Yo, Mike!

    Plan on giving a round of champagne to all the Insiders here? ;)

    This is tremendously fantastic news and I'm so glad a judge actually sees the DMCA for what it's for. I have restored my faith in the DMCA and the judicial system to protect those who need protection from groups like Viacom.

    CHEERS!!!!

    *Pops champagne and hands everyone a cup.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  23. icon
    Mike Masnick (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 3:57pm

    Re:

    welcome to the content free for all. watch the movie and tv business disappear.


    And when they don't, will you admit you were wrong?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  24. icon
    Brian (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 4:05pm

    Re: IFPI

    Yah, this ruling sets up a wonderful precedent for them to point to.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  25. icon
    Jeremy7600 (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 4:11pm

    W0000h0000000!!!!

    My girlfriend is looking at me crosseyed as I hoot and holler, but I don't care, this is HUGE!!! Of course it will get appealed, but until then, YAY!!!!

    So much for IFPI's case, huh? I think they just obliterated their entire "Please note that we do not admit that we or the IFPI Represented Companies are responsible for detecting infringing material and notifying you of it." line of reasoning, eh? You are, IFPI, VERY MUCH responsible for detecting infringing material and notifying google of it!!! STUFF IT!!!

    link to this | view in thread ]

  26. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 4:19pm

    Re: Re:

    Of course he wont. He's a TV executive who couldn't tell creativity from a bowel movement.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  27. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 4:26pm

    This is certainly great news for aggregator overlords who can now feign ignorance all the way to the bank.

    "I think it's an accepted [sic] that in an environment such as YouTube, relying on user-generated content, copyrighted and inappropriate content will find its way onto the site. On the dev environment, we've implemented a flagging system so you can flag videos as being inappropriate or copyrighted. That way, the perception is what we are concerned about this type of material and we're actively monitoring it." - Steven Chen

    link to this | view in thread ]

  28. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 4:27pm

    Viacom is Appealing

    As expected Viacom is going to appeal, as reported in the Hollywood Reporter.

    Here is how Viacom lawyers are spinning this judgement:
    "This case has always been about whether intentional theft of copyrighted works is permitted under existing law and we always knew that the critical underlying issue would need to be addressed by courts at the appellate levels. Today's decision accelerates our opportunity to do so."

    link to this | view in thread ]

  29. icon
    Bruce Ediger (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 4:54pm

    Re:

    e e trollings wrote:welcome to the content free for all. watch the movie and tv business disappear.

    Wait just a minute. In another comment you (or someone who writes exactly like you) wrote:conversations may be an issue if you havent pre-warned the people that you are recording. that would take a better lawyer than average to figure out.

    Going back to that article for context, you seemed to have admitted back then that some authority (you wrote "a lawyer", but that's wrong, they only argue cases, not decide them) was needed to decide what constituted copyright violation and what constituted privacy violation. So how, in this case, is YouTube supposed to decide?

    That's a serious question, by the way. If YouTube is supposed to pre-emptively block user-uploaded content based on copyright violation, can you tell us how they'd do that in an economically feasible way? They can't really run every clip past a judge to decide, that would cost too much, and they would just shut down.

    On a less serious and far less factual note, if the Red Chinese invaded today and shut down the movie and tee vee industries, hardly anyone would shed two tears. They've lost all relevance in and of themselves, auto-sodomizing themselves via self-parody.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  30. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 5:14pm

    Re: Re:

    >That's a serious question, by the way. If YouTube is supposed to pre-emptively block user-uploaded content based on copyright violation, can you tell us how they'd do that in an economically feasible way? They can't really run every clip past a judge to decide, that would cost too much, and they would just shut down.


    He's already been called out on this, and has subsequently never answered why he expects YouTube/Google to hold to these standards, while Viacom doesn't need to, when it was revealed to all that even Viacom doesn't know what's infringing and what's not. Calling his bluff at this point is akin to smashing your head on a brick wall -- you'd be much better off demolishing the whole farce with a wrecking ball and a push of a button.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  31. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 5:21pm

    Re: Re:

    If YouTube is supposed to pre-emptively block user-uploaded content based on copyright violation, can you tell us how they'd do that in an economically feasible way?


    Obviously, they could offset the costs by selling branded T-shirts and other tangibles. Google execs could even sell lunch dates or mini-golf play-dates to their biggest fans. The opportunities are endless! As the "evidence" clearly shows, if they would only change their outdated business model, they would end up making "MORE MONEY THAN EVER!"™.

    Stop being such a Luddite with your "How is this economically viable?" dinosaur-pessimism. It is viable. There are numerous examples of it working numerous times, numerously.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  32. icon
    Karl (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 5:24pm

    Re: Re: Re:

    Maybe, maybe not. If true, it's a sad reflection on the courts.

    But they've (finally) given the public a judgement in our favor, so I'll give them the benefit of the doubt this time.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  33. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 5:35pm

    Re: Re: Re:

    [citation needed]

    link to this | view in thread ]

  34. icon
    Mike Masnick (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 5:54pm

    Re:

    This is certainly great news for aggregator overlords who can now feign ignorance all the way to the bank.

    Spoken like someone who clearly has not read the actual ruling, which makes it clear that they cannot feign ignorance at all.

    This thread is really funny, watching all the industry folks who so strongly insisted that there was no way Viacom could lose now twisting this.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  35. icon
    minijedimaster (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 6:44pm

    Re:

    FINALLY, SOME GOOD NEWS AND COMMON SENSE COMES OUT OF OUR GOVERNMENT!!!

    Hate to be a joy kill but even a broken clock is right twice a day.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  36. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 7:03pm

    It is amusing watching T "a judge ruled against you so just shut up!" AM whining.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  37. identicon
    TMT2, 23 Jun 2010 @ 8:11pm

    Re:

    "The only reason Google was able to obtain a sane judgment in a matter such as this is that they are a large corporation."

    Nope, a smart judge with a smart staff that studied the aplicable law ans found the( in my INAL opinion ) right answer.

    Nothing here to see.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  38. identicon
    TMT2, 23 Jun 2010 @ 8:16pm

    Re:

    We can only hope that you follow and disappear with them. In the meantime, could you offer some evidence that this might be true? Or is your opinion all we should need?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  39. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 8:25pm

    That judge must be a "radical extremist" or was bribed by Google. It's so obvious. We're raising a generation of thieves; a society of stealers!

    link to this | view in thread ]

  40. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 23 Jun 2010 @ 9:06pm

    Re:

    Want a crying towel, TAM, or maybe some Prep H for all that butthurt?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  41. identicon
    RD, 23 Jun 2010 @ 9:51pm

    Re:

    "It is amusing watching T "a judge ruled against you so just shut up!" AM whining."

    Weeellll....its different now. His bosses lost, so of course, the judge is now "Wrong."

    link to this | view in thread ]

  42. icon
    mike allen (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 11:06pm

    Re: Re: IFPI

    the BPI are i think suing in the UK. The UK has NO SAFE HARBORS NO FAIR USE So hard to harder for the judge to judge.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  43. icon
    Mike Masnick (profile), 23 Jun 2010 @ 11:19pm

    Re:

    The only reason Google was able to obtain a sane judgment in a matter such as this is that they are a large corporation.

    Considering that this ruling is a mirror image of the ruling in the Veoh case (about a small corporation) that doesn't seem too likely.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  44. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 24 Jun 2010 @ 2:22am

    Re:

    welcome to the world of fail. watch how you continue your pathetic trolling attempts. viamcom will 100% win and finally smack down google/youtube...

    Tool.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  45. icon
    Hephaestus (profile), 24 Jun 2010 @ 6:06am

    Re: Re: Re:

    "He's a TV executive who couldn't tell creativity from a bowel movement."

    Dont give him any ideas we already have a ton of shit on TV.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  46. icon
    Hephaestus (profile), 24 Jun 2010 @ 6:09am

    Re: Re: Re:

    Give examples please. Examples that dont involve catching and blocking 20% of content that is legit.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  47. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 24 Jun 2010 @ 6:20am

    Re: Re:

    No, not if the clock is slightly fast or slightly slow. Then it's right far less often.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  48. icon
    Hephaestus (profile), 24 Jun 2010 @ 6:32am

    Re: Re:

    "watching all the industry folks who so strongly insisted that there was no way Viacom could lose"

    It has to do with the fact that, they feed off each other and rationalize. If enough people say "we are going to win this" often enough, in a closed group, eventually they believe its the truth. Its why they dont want to hear any disenting views at their get togethers.

    Mike a couple days ago you mentioned that you were invited to an industry gathering, that some in the industry (RIAA I believe ??) did not want you there, and barely anyone showed up when you spoke. That is a result of a combination of avoidance behavior and denial. They want to live in their little world where everything will be fine, and no one puts doubts of their world view in their heads. When confronted with dissenting views, people in this state will strike out verbally, ignore what you are saying, and concentrate on anyone who speaks and shares the same world view. Since you have been on record label -vs- the outside world discussion panels you have more than likely seen what I described above first hand.

    "strongly insisted that there was no way Viacom could lose now twisting this"

    goes to what I was saying above.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  49. icon
    Hephaestus (profile), 24 Jun 2010 @ 6:35am

    Re: Re:

    oops submited not previewed ...

    "Spoken like someone who clearly has not read the actual ruling,"

    Again the not reading the ruling is avoidance behavior and denial yet again.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  50. identicon
    TDR, 24 Jun 2010 @ 7:30am

    "Google wins. FATALITY!"

    ^_^

    link to this | view in thread ]

  51. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 24 Jun 2010 @ 8:51am

    hooray for zoidberg!!!

    OR

    good news everyone! :)

    link to this | view in thread ]

  52. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 24 Jun 2010 @ 9:30am

    Re: Re: Re:

    It has to do with the fact that, they feed off each other and rationalize.


    Funniest comment of the year.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  53. identicon
    Tom Sydnor, 24 Jun 2010 @ 1:43pm

    Mike thinks this decision is as brilliant as the district-court decision in Grokster....

    Mike, I am sure that you find the district-court decision in Viacom v. YouTube every bit as brilliant as the district court decision in Grokster. Remember how you opined that the Grokser district court "really seems to have understood the issues"? Remember how every single Justice of the United States Supreme Court disagreed with you?

    So here is a link to some competent analysis of your latest favorite judicial decision:

    http://blog.pff.org/archives/2010/06/viacom_v_youtube_why_are_we_re-litigating_grokster .html

    It's Grokster all over again, Mike. Yet, somehow, you hold out the vain hope of a different outcome.... --Tom

    link to this | view in thread ]

  54. icon
    Modplan (profile), 24 Jun 2010 @ 2:08pm

    Re: Mike thinks this decision is as brilliant as the district-court decision in Grokster....

    That link contained no analysis. Something about how the DMCA safe harbor laws let companies use people as human shields - shielding from what, the persons own actions, whom under any court of law should be held responsible for those actions directly?

    link to this | view in thread ]

  55. identicon
    Tom Sydnor, 24 Jun 2010 @ 2:27pm

    OK, modplan, here is a link to more detailed analysis

    Modplan, thank you for your comments. Someday, you may realize that the law has long held persons liable whenever they intend to use the actions of others as means to illegal ends. This is black-letter law, and that fact is not debatable. Should you require more detail, I have provided an abundance of it here:

    http://blog.pff.org/archives/2010/05/takedowns_and_daiquiris_viacom_v_youtube_hosts_a_g.htm l

    The problem is not that I provide "no analysis." The problem is that you cannot perceive the merits of the detailed analysis that I provide. This does not worry me: Appelate courts seem to have no difficulty discerning what you do not. Thanks for your thoughts. --Tom

    link to this | view in thread ]

  56. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 24 Jun 2010 @ 3:28pm

    Re: Mike thinks this decision is as brilliant as the district-court decision in Grokster....

    I'm not sure any "analysis" that feels the need to copy/paste the same meaningless phrases based on pure opinion over and over is "competent."

    link to this | view in thread ]

  57. identicon
    Anonymous Coward, 24 Jun 2010 @ 5:21pm

    Re: Re: Re: IFPI

    But in the UK as in Canada there are Common Carrier rules for such entities as telcos and cablecos and others and splitting hairs is likely to land IFPI in civil court for decades sorting THAT little mess out whether in Canada or the UK.

    This ruling, however, makes the position in the US as close to perfectly clear as it's going to get short of a US Supreme Court ruling which will also take years.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  58. icon
    Modplan (profile), 24 Jun 2010 @ 6:09pm

    Re: OK, modplan, here is a link to more detailed analysis

    The merits of not discussing the details of the case and ignoring what the law actually states seems to only be of merit to people for whom the facts don't support.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  59. icon
    Mike Masnick (profile), 24 Jun 2010 @ 10:35pm

    Re: Mike thinks this decision is as brilliant as the district-court decision in Grokster....

    It's Grokster all over again, Mike

    There are pretty massive differences between Grokster and YouTube. That you can't see that is not surprising. But, such is life for those living in denial.

    link to this | view in thread ]

  60. identicon
    Tom Sydnor, 29 Jul 2010 @ 8:08pm

    Mike. stop playing make-believe....

    Mike,

    At the risk if introducing the dread concept of "logic" into Techdirt, I note the following. You say, "There are pretty massive differences between Grokster and YouTube. That you can't see that is not surprising."

    Mike, that sort of claim is what logicians call "conclusory." In other words, you say that there are "massive differences between Grokster and YouTube" but your intellectual cowardice prevents you from explaining what those "massive differences" might be. Please, Mike, enlighten me as to what the heck you think that you mean...

    And remember, Mike, unlike you, I actually understand how file-sharing programs and networks actually function. So I know that the original YouTube was merely used for infringement about 70% of the time--while a program like LimeWire was used to infringe about 98.8% of the time and a program like Morpheus was used to infringe about 95% of the time. So tell me: What legally relevant difference between these outcomes do you perceive, Mike?

    I realize that these are really tough questions that may strain your cognitive abilities, Mike. Fortunately, I have authored a blog post that may help you work through these potentially difficult issues. The following link should prove to be helpful and illuminating:

    http://blog.pff.org/archives/2010/07/two_reasons_why_the_viacom_v_youtube_summary-j udgm.html

    I realize that it must be really painful to perceive that your 2010 analysis of the merits of the district-court opinions in Viacom v. YouTube is just as incompetent as your 2003 analysis of the district-court opinion in MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. Let me know if you can perceive any means through which you might become less prone to make same mistakes so reapeatedly.

    Snuggles. --Tom

    link to this | view in thread ]


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