No Library For You: French Authorities Threatening To Close An App That Lets People Share Physical Books

from the this-is-crazy dept

Fri, Sep 18th 2015 6:12am — Mike Masnick

EFF's Parker Higgins recently tweeted a question detailing the truly messed up state of copyright law. What do you think would happen if someone invented the public library today?

Can you even imagine trying to invent public libraries in 2015?
— Parker Higgins (@xor) August 21, 2015

It's not necessarily a new idea. Nearly four years ago, we asked a similar question right here at Techdirt. And even after centuries of having public libraries, we sometimes still see authors lash out at them. And, indeed, you see some weird situations like when people put up little personal libraries in their front yards, people have tried to shut them down, but for being "illegal structures" rather than over the horror of the free lending of books. And you could argue that various attacks on parts of copyright law on the internet really are attacks on the modern form of a library.

However, over in France, they really are taking the idea of attacking new forms of libraries to incredible new heights. There's a French startup called Booxup that is taking the above personal lending library concept and making it digital. You get an account, scan your books, upload a list of those you're willing to lend to others, and the service connects willing lenders with willing borrowers, putting books that would otherwise be collecting dust on shelves to good use actually being read and educating and entertaining the public. Neat.

Except... not so neat, according to French authorities who are claiming the whole thing could be illegal:

But an agent of the Direction Générale de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des Fraudes (DGCCRF), the French consumer protection agency, recently visited the Booxup offices, apparently after a person working in the book industry, whose identity is unknown, contacted the DGCCRF to express concerns over this business model. Indeed, Booxup uses a sharing economy model, where users offer their property or services to others, either for a fee, like Airbnb, or Uber, or for free, such as Booxup.

Uber suspended its services in France in July after its services were found to be illegal by the French government, and the DGCCRF agent who visited Booxup had been in charge of the Uber case. Could such a fate await Booxup? It may depend on how its business model fits within French intellectual property law.

Again, unlike Uber or Airbnb -- which are much more accurately described as the "on demand" economy, rather than the "sharing" economy -- Booxup really is about sharing. The book borrowing is done for free, not for a fee. The 1709 Blog, which surfaced this story, goes through a variety of possible French laws and can't find any that are truly applicable here. According to one of the reports that first discussed the story, the problem here isn't that Booxup is doing this for profit, but rather the opposite: that it's doing this for free. Suddenly, the fear is that this is a form of "piracy" because, you know, how can you compete with free (yes, of course, to say that seriously you'd have to erase from your mind centuries of public libraries co-existing with book stores, but shhhhh!).

What is it about people today that makes them freak out about "free"? Of course, in France (as in much of Europe) the book market is bizarrely heavily regulated with full-on price-setting. Booksellers are forced to sell books at pre-set prices and there can be no competition in pricing -- which is why Amazon got in trouble for offering free shipping on books in France. Apparently that was deemed "discounting" books. It sounds like this investigation may be under the same kind of law, and the idea that "lending" books for free somehow undermines the market for books by offering a discount. Again, in order to make this argument seriously you have to ignore public libraries.

It's unclear if Booxup will be allowed to exist, but just the fact that an investigation is occurring shows the kind of backwards, anti-competitive, anti-innovation thinking of too many bureaucrats these days. And it also highlights why you don't see too many disruptive startups coming out of France...

Thank you for reading this Techdirt post. With so many things competing for everyone’s attention these days, we really appreciate you giving us your time. We work hard every day to put quality content out there for our community.

Techdirt is one of the few remaining truly independent media outlets. We do not have a giant corporation behind us, and we rely heavily on our community to support us, in an age when advertisers are increasingly uninterested in sponsoring small, independent sites — especially a site like ours that is unwilling to pull punches in its reporting and analysis.

While other websites have resorted to paywalls, registration requirements, and increasingly annoying/intrusive advertising, we have always kept Techdirt open and available to anyone. But in order to continue doing so, we need your support. We offer a variety of ways for our readers to support us, from direct donations to special subscriptions and cool merchandise — and every little bit helps. Thank you.

–The Techdirt Team

Filed Under: apps, copyright, france, intellectual property, libraries, moral rights, sharing books

49 Comments

If you liked this post, you may also be interested in...

Reader Comments

Subscribe: RSS

View by: Time | Thread

That One Guy (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 5:00am

"... as clearly listed on page 34 of your book's purchase agreement..."
The only way I could see trying to shut down such a service like this making even the slightest bit of sense is if those doing so are going to argue that people do not actually own the books in their possession. If you're not allowed to lend your own books, then clearly they are not your books, as you do not have the rights normally associated with owning something.

Should this be the case, I'm sure the license agreement that apparently every book owner in France signed... at some point... without knowing it... will be quite the interesting read.

Semi-related, with regards to the 'Can you even imagine trying to invent public libraries in 2015?' line, yeah, if libraries didn't exist, and someone tried to 'create' them today, there is no possible chance it would be allowed.

Buying one copy of something, and then loaning it out, for free, to multiple people? Clearly the idea was conceived by a life-long criminal, as that is without a doubt theft of the highest order. /poe

Libraries are only able to exist today because they've been around for so long, and are so deeply entrenched in society. Without that 'protection', the very idea would be torn to pieces if someone tried to suggest it today.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:51am
  
  Re: "... as clearly listed on page 34 of your book's purchase agreement..."
  Libraries here, are "taxed" up their end and the money are distributed to the authors of the works they lend and the publishers. The libraries are publically funded so libraries basically act as a government subsidy system.
  
  A private person scanning a book would be considered illegal to begin with here by the IP-lobby. But to the point, the private non-profit exchange would be competing against a, free for users, paying alternative. That would be problematic in its own right since the competition is so unfair. If something has to give I think I know what it would be...
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - Avatar28 (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:58am
    
    Re: Re: "... as clearly listed on page 34 of your book's purchase agreement..."
    If you're referring to Booxup, scanning doesn't mean scan the book Google Books style, it means scan the barcode to inventory it.
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
    - PaulT (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:19am
      
      Re: Re: Re: "... as clearly listed on page 34 of your book's purchase agreement..."
      Yeah, that's how I read it. If you were scanning the entire book, not only would it be a colossal waste of time and effort, it's also a clearly infringing action if you're then going to pass on the original copy to someone else.
      [ link to this | view in chronology ]
      - Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:15pm
        
        Re: Re: Re: Re: "... as clearly listed on page 34 of your book's purchase agreement..."
        Mike says "scan your books", the linked article says "the user uploads a list of books ...by scanning their bar codes".
        This is where the confusion arises. I read it the same way at first (i had to check the source) and thought what a stupid idea, I couldn't imagine scanning a book to read for myself let alone for someone else.
        
        In Wellington, NZ, there is a very informal book exchange whereby you leave books you don't want anymore on the seat at a bus stop and people pick them up on their way to work.
        [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - PaulT (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:25am
    
    Re: Re: "... as clearly listed on page 34 of your book's purchase agreement..."
    "A private person scanning a book would be considered illegal"
    
    Indeed, but as mentioned below, they're likely referring to scanning the barcode, not the contents.
    
    "But to the point, the private non-profit exchange would be competing against a, free for users, paying alternative. That would be problematic in its own right since the competition is so unfair"
    
    By that measure, nobody can set up a private service if it happens to successfully compete with a publicly funded alternative? That doesn't sound right.
    
    Besides, the costs for the library will include a huge number of things that the book lending service doesn't cover, and costs that it does not incur (someone else has bought the stock, for example, while libraries are buying titles in).
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
jameshogg (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:18am

We are literally being oppressed by websites like eBay. I repeat: we are being literally oppressed.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:38am
  
  Re:
  I don't follow you on this one.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 9:45am
  
  Re:
  the comment above is meant to de-rail the conversation in case you didnt realize.
  
  Say something nonsensical or unrelated to the article, wait for people to spam comments asking what it means etc...
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 5:40pm
    
    Re: Re:
    My impression is that the comment is referring to the warped idea that reselling your own property, let alone giving it away for free, should be considered illegal. IOW, that consumers are losing the right to own the things they pay for.
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
Ninja (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:45am

shows the kind of backwards, anti-competitive, anti-innovation thinking of too many bureaucrats these days

Pleonasm. Bureaucrats is synonym with all the rest. The problem is that we only have this shit in the governments and not actual politicians ruling for the people.

I tell you, the French should put that little box in the picture in front of every single house. I'd love to see the authorities go nuts with a few million small libraries to investigate.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:51am
  
  Re:
  Out of the number of words I've had to look up this year thanks to the internet, pleonasm has been the most pleasant.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - Leigh Beadon (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:46am
    
    Re: Re:
    Seconded. That is an excellent word that I'm surprised I'd never heard before. Finally, a replacement for "tautology" in those instances where I've always known it wasn't quite right but used it anyway!
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
    - Ninja (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 8:09am
      
      Re: Re: Re:
      Living and learning. I like when I learn words that seem to fill a void. You are welcome ;)
      [ link to this | view in chronology ]
      - Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 11:12am
        
        Re: Re: Re: Re:
        Second place, meretriciousness. Thanks, Popehat!
        [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 10:26am
  
  Re:
  You're mistaken in one thing: we don't have bureaucrats in the governments.
  
  We have corrupted fraudsters. Someone bribes them, they make the law they want.
  
  We'd be lucky if at least we had bureaucrats...
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:47am

Maybe I watched too much Sesame Street when I was a kid, but "one of those things is not like the other".
I'd say Uber's and Airbnb's legal problems aren't their business model, but the fact that they'd be classed alongside other businesses that have rules and regulations that they should also have to follow (with maybe the necessary adjustments given the differences).
Private people lending private books between themselves IS NOT EVEN a business! What the hell are these guys smoking?!
The existence of libraries, public or otherwise, has NEVER (citation needed, but still...) impeded lending of books between friends, acquaintances, co-workers, enemies, strangers, species, etc.
Unless we now agree to book EULAs when we buy physical books? Maybe I missed that. I wouldn't be surprised by it. But even then, what the hell?!
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:19am
  
  Re:
  Private people lending private books between themselves IS NOT EVEN a business! What the hell are these guys smoking?!
  
  That's the problem, the people against Booxup don't see it as a business. They don't see it as private one-on-one exchanges.
  
  They see it as smuggling.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - That One Guy (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:29am
    
    Re: Re:
    Worse actually, they see it as competition.
    
    Someone borrowing a book is not someone buying a book(right at that moment), and if you're in the business of selling books(and are a short-sighted, greedy control freak), anything that takes the place of a sale(at the moment it happens) is something to be fought, and if at all possible shut down.
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- tqk (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:51am
  
  Re:
  The existence of libraries, public or otherwise, has NEVER (citation needed, but still...) impeded lending of books between friends, acquaintances, co-workers, enemies, strangers, species, etc.
  
  Yes, and if they manage to stop Booxup, these will all still be there, and even more so.
  
  A local seniors' residence has a table in its lobby where anyone can leave stuff they don't need or want anymore for others to take for themselves. Books are only one of the many things I've seen there. How are they going to stop this? Why would anyone not connected to the publishing business want to stop this? Why would anyone think anyone had any right to even complain about this? The books have been paid for and the publishers and authors have their pound of flesh.
  
  Attempting to interfere with this is thuggery, and anyone suggesting it should be slapped silly for it.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - Sev Prince, 18 Sep 2015 @ 5:51pm
    
    Re: Re:
    We can't slap 'em silly, they're already silly. Too silly for words. Must be a loose connection in whatever they're using for brains. What we really need is to slap 'em sensible again. Of course, it'd probably take Superman to deliver a hard enough whack. With Thor's hammer too, just in case he misses a spot.
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- DannyB (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 8:59am
  
  Re:
  > What the hell are these guys smoking?!
  
  It's the French. They don't have to be smoking anything.
  
  Just look at the history of TechDirt articles, France and Copyright.
  
  This is just one more reason that Copyright needs to be put out of our misery.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:58am

"Unless we now agree to book EULAs when we buy physical books?"

Books bought by an individual in the UK have always has a EULA that state that the book may not be shared.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 5:47pm
  
  Re:
  Honestly, you're kidding, right?
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 19 Sep 2015 @ 4:36pm
  
  Re: NQR
  Can't be sold, shared, distributed in any form of cover other than the original publishing cover.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Chasis (profile), 20 Sep 2015 @ 4:30pm
  
  Re:
  We supported these fascists during WWII? No wonder we're suffering fascism now.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - John Fenderson (profile), 21 Sep 2015 @ 6:06am
    
    Re: Re:
    The US has always loved fascism. Prior to WWII, that love was overt and not considered shameful. After WWII, that love persists but now must be disguised or hidden.
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 22 Sep 2015 @ 5:52am
  
  Re:
  Not sure where you got your information, but it isn't true.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:59am

Modern libraries are...
Torrent sites.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Nate (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:08am

But wouldn't this interpretation of French law also make used book saled illegal as well?
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- DannyB (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 9:00am
  
  Re:
  Great catch! Maybe that could apply to CD's as well. DVDs?
  
  Maybe cell phones? All consumer electronics?
  
  Hey, how about all household goods?
  
  Automobiles?
  
  Hey, its for the sake of copyright!
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:09am

Ok so the judicial side gets their little reports
make many copies. distribute(share) to the rest of their colleagues,
and they are the ones fighting sharing.
dumbasses the lot of Em.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 7:48am

This is what the French fought against in WWII
France is Crushing Liberty in favor of the "Socialist State".

- Sharing books/knowledge
“…in France, they really are taking the idea of attacking new forms of libraries to incredible new heights.

- Right to be Forgotten Globally insisted by French Regulators
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150730/09572731801/google-to-french-regulators-looking -to-expand-right-to-be-forgotten-globally-forget-about-it.shtml

- Uber vilified, cars burned and confiscated by the French State.
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150630/10493231503/as-uber-crackdown-france-continues-uber-downl oads-france-reach-record-highs.shtml
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150629/10165131490/france-ta kes-war-uber-up-notch-arrests-top-execs.shtml

- France And Canada Both Move To Massively Expand The Surveillance State
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150505/15561330894/france-canada-both-move-to-massively-exp and-surveillance-state.shtml

- Hosting Companies Threaten To Leave France Over (Yet Another) Surveillance Law. But Where Could They Go?
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150420/08144830729/hosting-companies-threaten-to-leave-france-ov er-yet-another-surveillance-law-where-could-they-go.shtml

- France Says Corporate Sovereignty Must Come Out Of CETA, Or Be Replaced By Something Completely Different
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150318/10194830356/france-says-corporate-sovereignty-mu st-come-out-ceta-be-replaced-something-completely-different.shtml

- French Government Starts Blocking Websites With Views The Gov't Doesn't Like
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150318/06273130352/french-government-starts-blocking-websites-wi th-views-govt-doesnt-like.shtml
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 8:00am
  
  Re: This is what the French fought against in WWII
  You need to start even earlier. The French have a long history of not accepting new technology.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Thimonnier
  
  Gentleman linked above invented the sewing machine in 1829, got the patent in 1830 and opened a factory the same year.
  
  Factory was burned down.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
  - NeghVar (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 8:15am
    
    Re: Re: This is what the French fought against in WWII
    Its like how during the industrial revolution in the Netherlands. Workers would throw their wooden shoes, sabots, into the gears of the textile machines. Origin of the word "Sabotage"
    [ link to this | view in chronology ]
    - Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:00pm
      
      Re: Re: Re: This is what the French fought against in WWII
      Yet again, Star Trek allows me to feel smug & cultured for already knowing something... swiftly followed by the deflating realization that "I learned it from Star Trek" isn't necessarily a high-brow bragging point.
      [ link to this | view in chronology ]
- sris, 21 Sep 2015 @ 9:09pm
  
  Re: This is what the French fought against in WWII
  France was always socialist, it's conservatism was a preservation of the french suburban/rural way of life -it's version of liberty never included a contracting state.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
OldMugwump (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 8:13am

What is it about people today that makes them freak out about "free"?
NOBODY can COMPETE with FREE!!

You can't MAKE A LIVING competing with FREE!!!!

ONLY the RICH, who DON'T NEED TO MAKE A LIVING, can offer things fREE!! They PUT EVERYONE ELSE OUT OF BUSINESS, and on the DOLE!!

CAN'T YOU SEE that RICH PEOPLE'S generosity and charity leads DIRECTLY to POVERTY AND DESTITUTION?!!?!??

/sarc

[Google's business model can't possibly work.]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Just Another Anonymous Troll, 18 Sep 2015 @ 8:47am
  
  Re: What is it about people today that makes them freak out about "free"?
  The angry comment was already taking shape in my mind, and then I saw the /sarc. Excellent impression of a troll, sir.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 8:37am

Slight problem with the article's title...
Booxup makes private lending/borrowing of books more efficient, certainly. But saying the app "lets" such lending occur rather implies that without such an app it can't occur, which is pure rubbish.

That said, and it's more a stylistic irritation than a real flaw, I wouldn't be surprised if the French bureaucracy's real reason for offense is that the name sounds English...
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
- Anonymous Coward, 19 Sep 2015 @ 4:44pm
  
  Re: Slight problem with the article's title...
  In that light what would the correct name be according to the Académie française? You know, that group of 40 les immortels in control of the french language.
  [ link to this | view in chronology ]
This comment has been flagged by the community. Click here to show it

Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 9:19am

Mike Masnick just hates it when copyright law is enforced.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Wyrm (profile), 18 Sep 2015 @ 9:43am

It seems the problem is that every new business model or technology (actually innovating ones, I mean) fits in no existing model that's already regulated. Rather than accepting innovation and try to change their thinking, existing businesses want those new competitors to be forcefully brought into existing models and rules.
This cannot work for long, but the complicity of regulators help them delay the inevitable.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 10:52am

"It sounds like this investigation may be under the same kind of law, and the idea that "lending" books for free somehow undermines the market for books by offering a discount."

Seems like a stretch, unless perhaps the sale of used books for less than their prescribed value is illegal in France?
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 11:30am

Reverse logic
I find myself oddly encouraged by the most egregious expansions of any form of so-called "IP" law. Since I am convinced that there is absolutely no possibility of a rational reduction in these laws to a manageable level, the only real hope for humanity is for the system to get so powerful it leads to some form of implosion. Admittedly, that amount of economic upheaval will have disastrous effect on society, perhaps even equal to the damage of a violent uprising, be there is never going to be a painless cure for this disease.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Mr Big Content, 18 Sep 2015 @ 4:21pm

Legal Activities Are Often A Cover For Illegal Ones
The authorities are right to investigate. You have to ask yourself: why are these people going to all that trouble to avoid breaking the law? The fact that what their doing is perfectly legal is in itself grounds for suspicion.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 18 Sep 2015 @ 6:03pm

I'm impressed. France is managing to do both capitalism and socialism wrong at the same time.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 19 Sep 2015 @ 2:18pm

If you read the original story it's actually much less exciting. The French agency concerned received a complaint, went to investigate and apparently found nothing. End of story.
FWIW book exchange schemes are very common in France, and officially sponsored in a number of towns and cities.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Anonymous Coward, 21 Sep 2015 @ 12:22am

"And it also highlights why you don't see too many disruptive startups coming out of France..."

Music publishers collection societies came out of France, a most "disruptive startup" when emerging in the 19th century . In fact, France was largely responsible for the concept and scope of intellectual property as we know it ... or as we may not know it, since the USA refuses to recognize many of France's intellectual property concepts, many of which date back to the pre-industrial age. Fortunately, the French Supreme Court recently struck down the whole notion of an engineered smell as intellectual property.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]