Pizzeria Attempts To Trademark The Flavor Of Pizza. Yes, Seriously.
from the savor-the-flavor dept
Trademark, while generally one of the better forms of intellectual property as used in practice and in purpose, can certainly still be abused. It can also fall victim to an ever-growing ownership culture that seems to have invaded the American mind like some kind of brain-eating amoeba. And that's how we've arrived here today, a day in which I get to tell you about how there is currently a trademark dispute over the flavor of pizza. And no, I'm not joking.New York Pizzeria, Inc. is the plaintiff in this case that was brought after its former president allegedly conspired to create a knockoff restaurant chain called Gina's Italian Kitchen using NYPI's recipes, suppliers and internal documents. The lawsuit includes an allegation of a computer hack, but we'll focus on the judge's analysis of the trademark claims.So, we have two pizza shops in a fight over ingredients and flavor. What NYPI is claiming is specifically centered around the resulting flavor of the two pizzas as a matter of trademark infringement. The claim is that their flavor is distinct. So distinct, in fact, that consumers would recognize it as solely NYPI's, even if coming from Gina's Italian Kitchen. The judge, as it turns out, was exceptionally good on this claim.
"Intellectual property plays a prominent and growing role in our Information Age economy," opens Texas judge Gregg Costa's opinion this week. "In this case, though, the plaintiff seeks intellectual property protection for something quite traditional: the meal one might order at a neighborhood pizzeria."
"As with colors, it is unlikely that flavors can ever be inherently distinctive, because they do not 'automatically' suggest a product's source," he writes. But even if pizza fans can close their eyes, bite into one, and recognize a slice of New York Pizzeria when they taste it, Judge Costa gives a second reason why trademark protection can't extend to taste: "Functional product features are not protectable," he writes.Judge Costa goes on to note that the scrutiny of trademark law applying to the flavor of pizza logically should be much greater than even the flavor of medicine. It's a very nice way of calling this whole thing silly and telling everyone to go home. The case has been summarily dismissed, thankfully. Were this sort of dispute allowed to find any kind of foothold, a well-functioning foods industry could be tossed completely for a loop. The trademark-able flavor angle would essentially be an end-around the fact that copyright doesn't apply to recipes. After all, if you can simply protect the end result of the recipe, what would be the difference?
The judge points to a prior decision at the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board as precedent. a pharmaceutical company attempted to gain a trademark on the orange flavor of its medicine, but that was ruled out-of-bounds when the TTAB decided that by flavoring a disagreeable taste, the company merely "performs a utilitarian function that cannot be monopolized without hindering competition in the pharmaceutical trade."
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Re: Re:Thanks for the wonderful post.
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pasta, tomato sauce, cheese, oregano?
The Mafia, perhaps?
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Does anyone else see the irony in this? A New York pizzeria trying to trademark their taste? Shouldn't they be spending their time trying to make their pizza taste like Chicago pizza?
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Plus, a Chicago style pizza actually has ingredients you can taste, whereas a New York pizza is fried flatbread with once-tasty but now rendered flavorless toppings....
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Chicago can keep their casserole (please call it something other than Pizza) and New York can keep their grease soggy shingles (they probably were pizza when fresh from the oven).
A proper pizza has a thin, crispy, flavorful dough.
A proper pizza has rich, zesty, abundant tomato sauce.
A proper pizza has just the right blend of cheeses to clad that foundation.
Toppings are optional; sprinkles on top of this vessel of food perfection.
(Larger chains I like the pizza flavor from: Round Table Pizza, Pizza Haven, Pietro's Pizza (sp) (haven't had either of them in years, still in business?), and though it wasn't as flavorful the /old/ Dominos recipe was quite easy to digest and the only pizza I could reheat properly without ruining it.)
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I reject this part of your definition of a proper pizza. Although what you describe does count as one, it's far too restrictive. That's a bit like saying that a proper sandwich has to have a very specific type of bread.
I think that what you really mean is "pizzas I prefer have..."
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What, that perhaps the Italians might want wade in here?
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Aren't these pizzerias in NY?
I smell a trademark troll.
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Maybe
I can't wait to see people trademarking textures and smells.
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Imagine if you could Trademark or copyright food
"well MY recipe uses kosher salt, not sea salt."
"My recipe uses cooking temps of 425 F not 350 F"
"My recipe adds some cumin instead"
The slight variations you could extend out just ONE recipe would be humongous.
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Re: Imagine if you could Trademark or copyright food
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Re: Re: Imagine if you could Trademark or copyright food
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Re: Imagine if you could Trademark or copyright food
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This has already been decided, case will get tossed.
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You MAY be able to get a patent on your "process for creating an edible flat dish covered in cheesy goodness", but I'm thinking there may be a prior art problem - plus the whole "rounded corners" issue.
Trademark on the taste is actually an interesting (misguided) idea. If Harley Davidson can get a trademark on a sound, taste doesn't seem that far behind, but I am glad this judge disagreed.
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I think the key point about trademarks in this case is that you can't trademark something that is purely functional. The Harley sound is not, but this judge ruled that the pizza taste in question was. It's certainly not inconceivable that someone could engineer a pizza taste that could pass that test.
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Functional product features
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I'd like to trademark...
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Surprised nobody caught this earlier...
While the flavor infringement claim is plainly half-baked,...
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No citing court documents = bull
Other giveaways that this story is probably bull: no one mentions the defendant, no one mentions a street address or city for the pizzerias, and of course, there's source listed in the Hollywood Reporter article. So where exactly did that reporter get his story? And why are you running the story without proper verification?
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Re: No citing court documents = bull
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Counter-Suit
The recipes will probably prove to be substantially similar to those found in published cookbooks. Chains are not very audacious-- they don't have the nerve to do something like a Indian Curry Pizza, or a Hungarian Goulash Pizza, or a Szetchuan Pizza. You know, do to a basic pizza, whatever the national cuisine would do to a dish of potatoes. To make an Italian dish into a French-style dish, use less oregano and rosemary, and more sage, savory, and thyme; replace tomatoes with grapes (*); and use swiss cheese (gruyere) instead of mozzarella, and finely-sliced ham instead of sausage. So, French Pizza. I remember actually eating a kind of pocket sandwich along those lines, sold by a Basque woman in a street market in Oregon. At any rate, this kind of thing is simply beyond a chain restaurant.
(*) Probably use a concoction made from pulverized grape pressings, which are a byproduct of juice/wine production. Pressings are commonly used to make brandy.
Chain pizza is not exactly distinctive in flavor, and it's usually not very well cooked. It works out to giving an unskilled minimum wage counterman written directions to cook something for X minutes, while doing other work, rather than teaching him how to recognize when something is fully cooked. I looked up pizza in Adele Davis's _Let's Cook it Right_ (1947, 1962), and found an observation that you can manage the rising and moisture content of a pizza by pricking it every inch or so with a fork. Come to that, you can even design a special fork with, say, a hundred extremely sharp prongs and a long enough handle to be capable of reaching into the oven. Such a fork is not patentable or a legitimate trade secret-- it is immediately obvious over Adele Davis's advice.
In a neighboring field, McDonald's actually did create, circa 1970, an instrument which could measure the extent to which french fries were cooked, and ring a buzzer, or cause the fry basket to be lifted out of the fryer. There is no mention of any such instrument in this case.
Pizzas and french fries are commercially salable because the need for the special cooking apparatus, a pizza oven or a deep-fat frying, make them fairly difficult to make at home. Stew, and various cognate dishes such as chili, can be cooked, and frozen, and thawed out in a microwave oven. The basic test of freezability is whether the dish admits of being stirred together to equalize thawing/cooking/heating. People buy quantities of frozen entrees in the supermarket, and store them in the freezer. Big chain restaurants don't seem to be able to cook this kind of thing well enough to be able to break into the market at necessarily much higher prices.
In the real world, recipes are not what chain pizza outlets compete on. I've got a local Menu Guide, which I picked up out of a box someone left in the laundry room. The chain pizza outlets are conspicuous for their absence, and the same goes for the display ads in the yellow pages. The chain pizza people decided in effect that they couldn't compete in what amounted to a virtual food court. What the chains do is to advertise by junk mail, and a characteristic way of spending money is to attach the advertisement to one of those rubber magnets, in the hope that it will get stuck to the refrigerator, instead of getting thrown out with the trash. Chain pizza outlets seem to be very big on discount coupons. I suppose, nowadays, there are these Iphone apps. The whole point of the exercise is to get a sale by virtue of the customer not knowing how to contact the competition.
I actually chose an owner-operated pizza parlor on the basis of its being 1500 feet away, and there being a good chance of the food arriving while it's still hot. I went in, got a take-out order of salads, talked to the people, got a menu, and wound up actually placing a delivery order when I was snowbound.
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But yea, most home cooks really struggle to get decent pizza dough and a hot enough fire. I couldn't do what I do in my oven, and that it works on the grill still boggles me sometimes.
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Re: Counter-Suit
Replace "pizza" with "restaurants" and your statement hold equally true. Chain restaurants of any sort server industrial food, and prioritize things like being able to keep a minimal number of ingredients in stock, cost, and speed & ease of preparation over food quality.
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What I do at home is not pizza per se, but a kind of cheese-bread: take the crustiest rolls I can conveniently get, stick them in the toaster-oven, put cheese, etc., on them, and microwave them. These don't keep very well, so they have to be eaten directly, and would not be practical for a restaurant, or even for a set family dinner, but they work well enough for a bachelor cook-something-and-eat-it, cook something-else-and-eat-it system.
Pizza seems to have taken root in the United States in the 1950's. I have some old Mad Magazine issues, and paperbacks reproducing older Mad material. Mad found pizza an incredibly ludicrous idea. I think it must have been their first encounter with cooking from outside Northern Europe. It remains the single biggest exception to Northern European meat-and-potato habits. Pizza is not really authentic Italian food, of course:
https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091109/1808446860/dailydirt-tips-optimal-pizza-eating.sht ml#c134
Pizza (and chain pizza in particular) is mostly sold to people who haven't moved on to third-world cooking in general. The little mom-and-pop restaurants are all third-world. One generality of third-world cooking (Indian, Chinese, Mexican, etc.) is that you don't bake things together. You have one or more stews, which you pour over rice or noodles, or wrap up in a piece of bread (pita, tortilla, Ethiopian Injera bread, etc.). If you don't do your own bread-baking, everything else you need can be made in pots, or kept in the refrigerator, and brought together at the table. In the most extreme form of mom-and-pop restaurant, you go up to the counter, and point to the various dishes, because the server doesn't speak English, you get a plate of rice with scoops of various different things on top. Like as not, the owner's grandkids will be sitting at a table in back, doing their homework, and their voices will tend to fill the place. Third-world cooking tends to get domesticated, unlike pizza.
I mostly grew up in Cincinnati, and, apart from the German food, one of the specialties of Cincinnati is Cincinnati Chili, which, confusingly, is actually Lebanese. The deluxe version of Cincinnati Chili in a chili parlor is a "five-way," meaning a layer of pasta, a layer of kidney beans, a layer of raw chopped onions, a layer of chili, and a layer of shredded cheese, served on a saucer-like plate.
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Here is a recipe for Cincinnati Chili, copied years ago from my sister's recipe-book:
1 qt. water
2 medium onions
16 oz. tomato sauce
5. whole allspice
1/2 teaspoon red pepper
1 teaspoon ground cumin
2 lbs. ground beef
4 cloves garlic
4 tablespoons chili powder
2 tablespoons vinegar
1. large bay leaf
5 whole cloves
2 teaspoons Worcester sauce
1/2 oz. bitter (baking) chocolate
1-1/2 teaspoons salt
1 teaspoon cinnamon
Add ground beef to water in a 4 quart pot. Stir until the beef separates to a fine texture. Boil slowly for 30 minutes, and then stir in the rest of the ingredients. Simmer 3 hours uncovered, and the 1 hour covered, and lift the grease.
---------------------------------------------------------------
You will perceive that this recipe calls for five hours of cooking and preparation. For household use, you make it in bulk, freeze portions in tupperware, and zap them in a microwave. When we were in our twenties, in a an off-campus neighborhood, my sister found it practical to more or less keep open house with the stuff, serving bowls of chilli instead of cups of coffee to random visitors.
Not being that good a cook, I have modified the recipe for my own convenience, replacing whole cloves and seeds with powdered spices, and using canned tuna instead of beef. I open a can of (chunk light) tuna, tip it into a paper bowl with various spices and dried stuff, mix it together, cover it with a paper plate, and stick it in the microwave for four minutes at 600 watts.
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However I am wondering why a Texas judge was involved in this case.
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Also, this is not the first time the Gina's guy has been sued for "recipe ripoff", a highly distinctive and succesful taco chain, Torchy's Tacos, has also sued the guy...
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Know-how
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Re: Know-how
Yes, this is called a "trade secret" and does work nicely when done properly. If that had been the mechanism they used, this would not be so remarkable. Instead, they chose to try to abuse trademark law.
"Hard to imagine that could be applied to something as trivial as a pizza recipe, though."
It's very easy to imagine, actually. Equally trivial trade secrets that are in play all around you include: KFC's blend of herbs and spices and the recipe for Coke. There are many, many more -- those are just the two off the top of my head.
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Non-traditional trademarks
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