Clarence Thomas Regrets Brand X Decision That Paved Way For The Net Neutrality Wars
from the a-little-late dept
In its 2005 Brand X decision, the courts changed US telecom oversight forever. You might recall that in the early aughts, former FCC boss Michael Powell (now the top lobbyist for the cable industry) engaged in wholesale deregulation of the broadband sector, insisting it would usher forth all manner of intense competition. Powell had claimed at the time that a new technology known as broadband over powerline (BPL) would come in as a layer of added competition, justifying his decision to free the sector from regulatory oversight. Due to interference issues, BPL never worked out, and you may have noticed that Powell's promised deregulation-triggered wave of competition never happened.
Powell's decision effectively involved classifying cable providers as an "information service" instead of a "telecommunications service," thereby freeing it from significant oversight under Title II of the Communications Act. In telecom, this mindless deregulation is always delivered alongside promises of intense new competition (see net neutrality). But with the broadband industry, a sector dominated by a handful of powerful "too big to fail" monopolies all but fused to the NSA, it never quite works that way. With neither competition nor oversight to keep them in line, regional monopolies like Comcast and AT&T usually just double down on anti-competitive behavior. It's a lesson we refuse to learn.
Regardless, Powell's decision triggered a massive legal fight that began when a company named Brand X Internet sued, because the regulatory shift blocked it from accessing the networks of incumbent cable providers. The battle reached all the way to the Supreme Court, who in a 6-3 decision supported Powell's deregulation of the cable sector.
But the ruling had a catch: it didn't lock cable into being classified as an "information service" permanently. It allowed the FCC to shift the definition back and forth, just as long as it provided some fairly basic justification for the move. It's a major reason FCC policy has shifted so sharply back and forth as partisans have jerked the reins from "yes, we'd like some modest oversight of telecom" to "letting the industry do whatever it wants results in Utopia" policy patty cake.
This week Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas issued a dissent in an unrelated case (pdf, hat tip Ars Technica) in which he suggested some regret for his original "Brand X" ruling:
""Regrettably, Brand X has taken this Court to the precipice of administrative absolutism," Thomas wrote. "Under its rule of deference, agencies are free to invent new (purported) interpretations of statutes and then require courts to reject their own prior interpretations."
That's of course what happened with net neutrality, with the 2015 FCC passing some modest net neutrality rules, and the 2017 Ajit Pai FCC then scuttling them on behalf of industry. So instead of a set of consistent rules, we get whiplash. Thomas continued:
"Although I authored Brand X, "it is never too late to 'surrende[r] former views to a better considered position.'" Brand X appears to be inconsistent with the Constitution, the Administrative Procedure Act (APA), and traditional tools of statutory interpretation. Because I would revisit Brand X, I respectfully dissent from the denial of certiorari."
Ideally, you'd want federal lawmakers to pass legislation that enshrines some basic net neutrality consumer protections into law. But because Congress has been wholly corrupted by telecom industry campaign cash, that's simply not happening without a major shakeup in the Senate. So while it's nice Thomas may have seen the error of his ways fifteen years on, the epiphany comes far too late to be of actual help to US consumers or the uncompetitive broadband markets Powell's original ruling helped cement.
Meanwhile Michael Powell, who started this entire mess on behalf of the cable sector, is now the top lobbyist for the NCTA, the cable industry's biggest lobbying and policy organization. The last two years he's been advocating for massive new regulation of Silicon Valley and virtually no oversight whatsoever for telecom. It's gambit that's paying off handsomely so far, thanks to myopic lawmakers who haven't yet figured out that the problems with "big tech" and "big telecom" are in many ways one and the same. And in some ways (thanks in large part to natural monopolies fused to the NSA) the problems with telecom are worse.
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Filed Under: brandx, clarence thomas, classification, fcc, internet services, supreme court
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Its almost like after decades of promising the sun, moon, & stars while delivering nothing finally caught up with them... a tiny bit.
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hmmmm
Dont his decisions usually fall around who is paying his wife, I wonder who the sponsor was here?
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Most of the regulation is at the state & local level
...which is why federal deregulation had virtually no effect.
Just try running a new set of wires on your local power poles - you'll see what I mean.
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So is he sorry the internet isn't permanently a common carrier or is he sorry it isn't permanently an information service?
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Re:
The opinion is carefully written to not address that question.
All he ever says is that the courts should not simply acquiesce to executive power. Given Justice Thomas' history it is difficult to imagine him saying that a federal agency should be exerting more influence.
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Wrong.
There is quite a bit of money in pretending not to learn that lesson, but the money isn't earmarked for "us".
The lesson "we" refuse to learn is that capitalism has no place infesting the representation layer of a representative democracy and that lobbying and revolving doors mean that the people supposed to represent "us" stop so the moment they are elected because there is good money for telling them false stories about their constituents, and even more more money for them bypassing the middleman and just stuffing their own pockets.
Because paying off the representative while hanging their constitutents out to dry is cost-effective. Now in a democracy, you could choose to pay off the constituents instead: that would be honest and then any consequence would be their own fault indeed. But then you'd have to do an honest calculation instead of just greasing the greedy wheel.
This mockery of non-representation is kept up with news channels funded by private interests that provide "news" and stories in the interest of those who profit from keeping the populace stupid and interested in populist strawmen rather than policies affecting themselves.
And that is what "we" refuse to learn. Capitalism and free market have a place. But that place is not the representative layers of a representative political system: it's workings there are systemic corruption. Not by accident, but by design.
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Re: Wrong.
"The lesson "we" refuse to learn is that capitalism has no place infesting the representation layer of a representative democracy..."
People keep forgetting - the founding father's obviously never intended for the US to become a democracy, against which concept they had serious fears which, at the time, were merited. Those fears don't hold out when the massive majority doing the voting is well educated, well paid, and realizes their own vested interest in upholding human and civic rights.
The main issue which has plagued the concept of the republic since roman times is that it relies on the office holders to be bribed equally well by all stakeholders. This obviously doesn't happen in the US where individual interests, even bundled, can never match the bakshish budget of a major corporation.
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I thought it was also the Chevron deference...
I thought his reason for his regret is also the Chevron deference. A new judicial approach is to require the legislature to make the regulations, rather than defer to the executive branch. The idea has the shroud of originalism, but the net result would be to make it harder to create and update regulations based on changing circumstances, technology, etc.
That means fewer laws regulating telecoms, environment, food supply, etc. It also has the effect of allowing conservatives to attack those who want regulations as being out of date, ineffective, etc. because they're outdated and can't be updated unless approved by congress (which conservatives will oppose as a means of maintaining talking points, attack ads, etc.- they aren't interested in updates, they want the entire law eliminated.)
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I doubt he intends to make amends.
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One thing Thomas leaves out is that the FCC could change the classification because the law gave them the authority to determine which classification those services fell into. Yes, that means the courts are going to have to discard old precedent when the classification is changed. That's no more a problem than it is that courts have to discard old precedent when the legislature changes the laws on them.
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The Chevron defense is a fun one.
If you can find one federal official to agree with you, you can overturn any decision made by another part of the government.
It' like asking every single person in government if you can do something and if one of them says yes then it's okay, even if another branch or agency said no.
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