Judge Throws Out Lawsuit From Redditor Who Found An FBI Tracking Device On His Car
from the upvote-for-FBI-visit dept
Back in 2010, Redditor Yasir Afifi found an unusual device on his car while taking it in for an oil change.
Other Redditors surmised it was some sort of tracking device -- something that was confirmed a few days later when two SUVs full of cops and FBI agents showed up to reclaim it. While doing so, the FBI agent also asked the sort of probing questions that make the agency an indispensable part of our nation's counterterrorism efforts. From the ruling by Judge Beryl Howell:
The agents also asked the plaintiff other questions, including “whether he was a national security threat, whether he was having financial difficulties, [and] whether he had been to Yemen . . . .”They also said other, more unsettling things:
After returning the GPS device, defendant Kanaan made several comments to the plaintiff that indicated to the plaintiff that the FBI had knowledge of the plaintiff’s movements, including commenting on certain restaurants at which the plaintiff ate, a friend with whom he associated, and a new job at which he worked. Id. at ¶ 46. At the end of the encounter, the plaintiff alleges that defendant Kanaan suggested to him that he was not a national security threat and that he was no longer of use to the FBI.Apparently, part of the justification for deploying this tracking device was a comment one of Afifi's friends had left at Reddit -- a comment that skewers a lot of unproductive terrorism hysteria (and the agencies that thrive in this atmosphere).
bombing a mall seems so easy to do. i mean all you really need is a bomb, a regular outfit so you arent the crazy guy in a trench coat trying to blow up a mall and a shopping bag. i mean if terrorism were actually a legitimate threat, think about how many fucking malls would have blown up already.. you can put a bag in a million different places, there would be no way to foresee the next target, and really no way to prevent it unless CTU gets some intel at the last minute in which case every city but LA is fucked...so...yea...now i'm surely bugged : /End result? A tracking device on Afifi's car, and for something he didn't even write. So, he sued the FBI and the DOJ for violating his First, Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights. The suit was stayed by the court while the Supreme Court sorted out US v. Jones -- a case dealing with warrantless GPS tracking. Unfortunately, the Court returned not much in the way of a decision, stating that GPS tracking did constitute a "search," but didn't go so far as to add a warrant requirement, suggesting the longer the tracking lasts, the worse it is constitutionally.
Whether or not this was warrantless surveillance isn't answered in Howell's decision. None of Afifi's claims survive. Qualified immunity nullifies Afifi's First and Fourth Amendment Bivens claims with an assist from the circuit courts' split on warrantless GPS tracking. As the events in question took place nearly two years ahead of the Supreme Court's decision, Howell defers to the rulings in place at that time (2010) as governing the agents' actions.
[T]he warrantless use of a GPS device was lawful under Ninth Circuit precedent at the time of its use in the present case. In other words, the individual defendants’ warrantless use of the GPS device was valid in California, the jurisdiction in which the individual defendants used the GPS device.Afifi's First Amendment claim also goes down, seeing as there's no judicial precedent for chilling speech with a GPS tracker.
The plaintiff has failed to cite a single case from any Circuit holding that the warrantless use of a GPS device violates an individual’s First Amendment rights. To be sure, the qualified immunity analysis does not require a “case directly on point,” Al-Kidd, 131 S.Ct. at 2083, but a court must take caution in properly defining the scope of the right violated (“We have repeatedly told courts . . . not to define clearly established law at a high level of generality.”). [...] The plaintiff’s inability to cite a single case in support of his contention that the warrantless use of a GPS device violated his First Amendment rights dooms his claim.Afifi's claim of Privacy Act violations caused by the FBI's continued retention of his case records after closing the investigation doesn't fare any better. There's plenty of precedent out there stating that relevant investigative records are forever even if the investigation isn't.
In addition, the fact that the investigation into the plaintiff is now closed does not render the records invalid under Section (e)(7). The D.C. Circuit has held that an agency may maintain records from an authorized investigation even after that investigation was closed, because “[m]aterials may continue to be relevant to a law enforcement activity long after a particular investigation undertaken pursuant to that activity has been closed...”Howell also points out that challenges to warrantless searches generally result in suppression of evidence, not nullification of entire investigations. Afifi's claims that he is being locked out by potential employers because of his run-in with the FBI are dismissed as "self-inflicted" -- not because Afifi had the misfortune of being acquainted with a person whose Reddit comment drew FBI heat, but because he "reported his confrontation with the FBI agents to local and national media, and the media published numerous stories about the encounter."
The present case is no different. The records now in the FBI’s possession may permit the FBI to verify or evaluate any new intelligence received, assess the reliability of other sources, and ensure accountability regarding how the FBI responded to the information it received.
The moral of this tale seems to be that if you discover a tracking device on your vehicle, there's no faster way to be rid of it than posting pictures of it on a heavily-trafficked website. (As opposed to, say, throwing it in a lake, as one commenter suggested.) You may not find relief through the courts, but at least you'll be ensured of some form of closure.
Thank you for reading this Techdirt post. With so many things competing for everyone’s attention these days, we really appreciate you giving us your time. We work hard every day to put quality content out there for our community.
Techdirt is one of the few remaining truly independent media outlets. We do not have a giant corporation behind us, and we rely heavily on our community to support us, in an age when advertisers are increasingly uninterested in sponsoring small, independent sites — especially a site like ours that is unwilling to pull punches in its reporting and analysis.
While other websites have resorted to paywalls, registration requirements, and increasingly annoying/intrusive advertising, we have always kept Techdirt open and available to anyone. But in order to continue doing so, we need your support. We offer a variety of ways for our readers to support us, from direct donations to special subscriptions and cool merchandise — and every little bit helps. Thank you.
–The Techdirt Team
Filed Under: beryl howell, cars, doj, fbi, fifth amendment, first amendment, fourth amendment, gps, privacy, surveillance, tracking, tracking device, yasir afifi
Reader Comments
Subscribe: RSS
View by: Time | Thread
Hmmm
And saying that we should also be allowed to monitor the movement of every police car for similar reasons, and post the data to the internet so everyone knows where the police are cruising and who they are in contact with.
In fact this ruling makes it very clear that the judges are not immune from their movements being monitored or those they communicate with monitored.
What is good for law enforcement is also good for the citizens as they should be able to do the same if no warrant is needed.
I wonder how this Judge will feel knowing that anyone can monitor his car movements with no restrictions.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Hmmm
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Shoot the messenger and everybody associated with them has becomes standard practice whenever someone calls out the government, also it gives the FBI a soft target to add to their stats of dangerous people that they have under surveillance.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re: Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
Well maybe not that might only result in the arrest of some innocent immigrant doughnut shop owner......
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
Like Yemen.
:-D
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: GPS Tracker
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
'Fourth Amendment, what's that?'
Pretty much the entire point of the Fourth Amendment is to require warrants for any searches, so the fact that they ruled GPS tracking a 'search', but didn't follow through on the logical conclusion, that of needing a warrant to perform said search, makes the Fourth with regards to GPS tracking completely useless.
If they can perform searches without warrants, at that point the judges might as well be honest enough to admit that they don't care at all what the Fourth, or any of the amendments say, if it happens to get in the way of the government of police doing whatever they want.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: 'Fourth Amendment, what's that?'
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Who opens her arms wide open to welcome copyright trolls, enough said.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re:
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Appeal
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
We've all heard the stories about how the FBI tries to force people into spying for them with bullshit threats. That line in conjunction with the story about what his friend said suggests the FBI was looking for leverage they could use to force this guy into becoming an informant.
But once he went public with the story, any so-called terrorist would never trust him. Thus making him of no possible use. The lesson I am taking away from this is that if you find out the secret police is targeting you, do everything you can to make sure it is not a secret. It might reduce your employment chances in the future, but it sounds like it will also reduce your chances of becoming a toy for heartless bullies hiding behind badges.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Should have told them to pound sand
Oh, you're the FBI? Still my device under the Finders Keepers Act, but if you really want it back you'll need to go get it since its already on the way to Mongolia in a fedex truck.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Should have told them to pound sand
If it had been on its way to Mongolia they wouldn't have shown up at his house asking for it.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Why didn't they get a warrant?
There were plainly no exigent circumstances.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re:
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
These are the same people who wag their fingers at low wage workers telling them it is their own fault they have a shit job and they should just work harder in order to pay the bills, the tickets and the fines.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
1. establishes precedent that it's not necessary
2. exonerates their conduct
3. doesn't cost them a dime
Align the incentives and you get emergent behaviour.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re:
So he should not talk about those types of things because it only attracts undesirable people.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re:
ˈsärˌkazəm/
noun
the use of irony to mock or convey contempt.
"his voice, hardened by sarcasm, could not hide his resentment"
synonyms: derision, mockery, ridicule, scorn, sneering, scoffing; More
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
I'm sorry, but "WHAT???"
That means there is NO way any law could be passed that places the needs of any Government agency above these rights.
The fact that this judge decided to go this route means that the Judge doesn't know the law and should be debenched and arrested for violating those rights.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: I'm sorry, but "WHAT???"
You will not find enough citizens that give two shits enough to actually participate enough to do anything.
Now we just have to wait long enough for it to get bad enough to rebel.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: I'm sorry, but "WHAT???"
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re: I'm sorry, but "WHAT???"
so - ok, I gotta ask.
What, exactly, is an activist judge?
Is it someone who does not rule in the way you would prefer?
Is it someone who goes against all prior precedence?
Is it someone who is arbitrary and capricious?
wtf is it?
Here is a clue for you... the POTUS is been given authority to write executive orders via the Constitution and prior actions of Congress. - DUH - you are an ignorant poser.
The people do not think the government should do everything, what kind of bullshit statement is that?
Bayze-a-ball bin belly belly goood to me - wtf does baseball have to do with the BS you spouted?
This country is not in the crapper. The constant bullshit machine is working hard at bullshit mountain and the crapper is backed up - it does not work.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
this judge needs to get bugged
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
They'd probably arrest you for destruction of federal property then
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
possession is 9/10 of the law
What if he found it and destroyed it? Would he then be in trouble for interfering with an FBI investigation?
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
As a matter of law...
Can I sell it, give it away or destroy it?
Anybody know?
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: As a matter of law...
However, my layman perspective is that this is clearly abandoned property. The various definitions of "abandoned property" seem to generally support this. I don't know if the device had a label indicating ownership (I assume not), and that may factor into it.
However, the police voluntarily gave up physical possession of the device without entering into an agreement with the person they gave physical possession to. That seems like abandonment to me. Or, failing that, it seems like a gift. They gave the device to the owner of the car.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re: As a matter of law...
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re: As a matter of law...
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: As a matter of law...
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: As a matter of law...
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Re: As a matter of law...
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Judicial cowardice
"If you want justice, you're going to have to run this through the appeals court. I'm not touching it without precedent established."
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Judicial cowardice
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
We DO need a new drainfield
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Why give it back?
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: Why give it back?
We'd probably laugh a lot and I'd be thoroughly lynched by a bunch of FBI thugs.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Money making opportunity
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
No good way to dispose of one
Placing it in/on another car, might be good for you but the other driver could be serioulsy forked by this.
An investigation into him or if he drives "suspicously" and the big t-word on the FBIs mindset could warrant a nice preventative, extrajudicial killing for you and the driver.
"He is driving closeby to a powerstation, bring him in or deliver some 'justice' and then bring him in"
Sending it to Yemen may be even worse.
Sending it to another government agency may irk other agents.
Notwithstanding someone spouting "official-secret-technologies" and tampering with these.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
Re: No good way to dispose of one
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
next time
motherboard.vice.com/read/michael-ossmann-and-the-nsa-playset
do not ever give it back without tinkering with it
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
precedents?
This is a sarcastic rhetorical question.
[ link to this | view in chronology ]
They'll follow you if you're innocent. They'll follow you around. They'll track you.
And there's nothing you can do about it.
It's not just middle eastern people they pick on.
Government picks on black communities and everyone with a drug history. EVERYONE.
My friend beat 3 drug cases. His wife accused him of being a drug dealer. This guy did not deal drugs.
Still, the police-
hacked into his car ( via wireless tire pressure monitoring system )
put cameras in his car ( the side mirror )
hacked into his phone
hacked into his email
and had street teams of people follow him all over.
They even booby trapped his home and later his apartment.
There's anti-drug technology and heavy surveillance on known drug users.
Sounds paranoid right? Nope. Saw it happen.
He lived in the ghetto and found that:
Police were dealing drugs ( and got caught! It made the news )
Prostitutes he'd buy from were DEA snitches who were paid in drugs
Police were sleeping/doing drugs with prostitutes
The DEA intercepts batches of drugs and poisons them.
Even the town mayor was sleeping with prostitutes!
He discovered that the ghetto is basically used to CONTAIN drugs. They don't want the drugs leaving the ghetto. They don't want the drugs going into the nicer neighborhoods. Therefore, they just pump drugs into lower income areas and use addicts as informants.
Yet, government spent thousands of tax payer dollars following this guy around just because his vindictive wife accused him of dealing drugs.
Here's some sources:
DEA agents paid man with Crack, Lawsuit says
Huffington Post 7/16/2014 by Sara Bondioli
Key Figures In CIA Crack Cocaine Scandal Begin To Come Forward
Huffington Post 10/2014 Ryan Grim
[ link to this | view in chronology ]